Taxonomy, distribution, and conservation status of wild guanaco populations

Abstract

The taxonomy and phylogeny of this species have been the subject of several published studies, including the use of genetic and genomic tools, which has allowed new advances in this topic. This chapter presents a summary of the names by which this species was called by the different cultures that lived in close relationship with the guanaco. Then, aspects related to the guanaco’s taxonomy and phylogeny are discussed based on recently published advances. An update on the present distribution range in South America is given, and an approximation of the conservation status of wild populations is established. Finally, we discuss the main threats and challenges to conserving this unique camelid in Patagonia.