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dc.contributor.author
Cruz, Pablo
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dc.contributor.author
Joffre, Richard
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dc.contributor.author
Bernard, Cyril
dc.contributor.author
Egan, Nancy
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dc.contributor.author
Roux, Bruno
dc.contributor.author
Winkel, Thierry
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dc.date.available
2023-07-25T13:27:20Z
dc.date.issued
2022-06
dc.identifier.citation
Cruz, Pablo; Joffre, Richard; Bernard, Cyril; Egan, Nancy; Roux, Bruno; et al.; Social adaptive responses to a harsh and unpredictable environment: insights from a pre-Hispanic andean society; Resilience Alliance; Ecology and Society; 27; 2; 6-2022; 1-26
dc.identifier.issn
1708-3087
dc.identifier.uri
http://hdl.handle.net/11336/205269
dc.description.abstract
The scarcity or unpredictability of natural resources is a threat to cooperation within human societies. Exacerbated competition between individuals could affect social cohesion and collective action, generate conflicts over natural resources, and compromise their sustainable use. Yet, our in-depth archaeological study of the arid Andean highlands of Bolivia reveals the sustainable development of a complex agrarian society in a harsh environment marked, moreover, by a prolonged climatic degradation from the 13th to the 15th centuries. The 49 community settlements studied comprised independent family households that managed their own economic resources. A detailed study of the granary and housing structures of 549 of these households provided a strong quantitative data set for an analysis of Gini coefficients for grain storage capacity and housing area. This agro-pastoral society flourished with neither notable inequalities of wealth between villagers nor apparent long-lasting conflicts between villages. By sharing local knowledge, labor, and natural resources, this society succeeded both in limiting power and wealth concentration, and in sustainably producing food surpluses to be exchanged with neighboring populations. These results indicate a high degree of social cohesion and low levels of social and wealth inequality, similar to other well-established horticultural and agricultural societies around the world. We propose a conceptual model of low inequality in agrarian societies subject to extreme or unstable environments, where the sharing of knowledge, resources, and labor are the adaptive social responses to cope with the uncertainty in natural resources. The sustainability of the society is then guaranteed by a balance between collective action and family-based social organization.
dc.format
application/pdf
dc.language.iso
eng
dc.publisher
Resilience Alliance
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dc.rights
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.uri
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/
dc.subject
ANDEAN HIGHLANDS
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ARCHAEOLOGY
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FOOD STORAGE
dc.subject
GINI INDICES
dc.subject
SETTLEMENT INFRASTRUCTURE
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SOCIAL INEQUALITY
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SUSTAINABILITY
dc.subject.classification
Ciencias Sociales Interdisciplinarias
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dc.subject.classification
Otras Ciencias Sociales
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dc.subject.classification
CIENCIAS SOCIALES
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dc.title
Social adaptive responses to a harsh and unpredictable environment: insights from a pre-Hispanic andean society
dc.type
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type
info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo
dc.type
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.date.updated
2023-07-03T15:24:00Z
dc.journal.volume
27
dc.journal.number
2
dc.journal.pagination
1-26
dc.journal.pais
Canadá
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dc.description.fil
Fil: Cruz, Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Unidad Ejecutora en Ciencias Sociales Regionales y Humanidades. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Unidad Ejecutora en Ciencias Sociales Regionales y Humanidades; Argentina
dc.description.fil
Fil: Joffre, Richard. Université de Montpellier; Francia
dc.description.fil
Fil: Bernard, Cyril. Université de Montpellier; Francia
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Fil: Egan, Nancy. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Unidad Ejecutora en Ciencias Sociales Regionales y Humanidades. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Unidad Ejecutora en Ciencias Sociales Regionales y Humanidades; Argentina
dc.description.fil
Fil: Roux, Bruno. L'avion Jaune; Francia
dc.description.fil
Fil: Winkel, Thierry. Université de Montpellier; Francia
dc.journal.title
Ecology and Society
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dc.relation.alternativeid
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://ecologyandsociety.org/vol27/iss2/art29/
dc.relation.alternativeid
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-13207-270229
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