Democracia y hegemonía en la Argentina de la postdictadura

Abstract

En el presente trabajo proponemos analizar los discursos hegemónicos en la política argentina desde la recuperación de la democracia en 1983 la actualidad. De acuerdo a nuestra hipótesis, estos discursos son básicamente tres. El discurso democrático legalista, propalado desde el gobierno del radical de Raúl Alfonsín desde fines 1983 a mediados de 1989; el discurso neo/ibera! encarnado por el presidente Carlos Menem, en el gobierno desde 1989 a 1999, que consolidó una hegemonía que se extendió a la oposición que tomó el relevo en 1999 con el radical Fernando de la Rúa y que debió abandonar el gobierno anticipadamente en 2001. El tercer dispositivo discursivo hegemónico emerge con el gobierno de Néstor Kirchner en mayo de 2003 y se continúa en el gobierno de su sucesora, Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, desde 2007 a la fecha.

In this paper we analyze the hegemonic discourses in Argentinean politics in the period that goes since the recovery of democracy in 1983 to the present. According to our hypothesis theses discourses are basically three. The legalistic democratic discourse, centered in the primacy of law, emitted from the government of the radical Raúl Alfonsín since 1983 to middle 1989. The second is the neoliberal discourse of the primacy and autonomy of economics propagated for the President Carlos Menem, in the government from 1989 to 1999, who consolidated an hegemonic discourse that was continued by the new government of his replacement, the opponent Fernando de la Rúa, who abandoned the government ahead of time in 2001. The third discursive dispositive emerged with the government of Néstor Kirchner in 2003 and is continued by his successor Cristina Fernández since 2007 to nowadays, being concerned with the primacy of politics. Our proposal is to obtain a broad view of this process, to clarify the main resources of each hegemonic discourse and to show the links between the fail in the hegemonic functioning of a discursive dispositive and the next one. We choose the discursive functioning of the democratic question, although we should say better of the democratic questions, because this signifier was one of the main threads of the weft of the hegemony since the way out of the most terrible dictatorship Argentinean society has ever experienced.