Política Migratoria Regional: El caso de la Residencia MERCOSUR (2002-2011)

Abstract

El artículo analiza las políticas migratorias en el MERCOSUR durante el período 2002-2011. Dado el enfoque adoptado, una cuestión habitualmente vinculada a la política interna de los Estados se extiende a las relaciones externas. Dentro del marco de la integración revierte en una política regional de apertura no extensiva hacia los ciudadanos de terceros países. Se consideran las migraciones regionales y los acuerdos de residencia y su importancia. De ellos se señala que plantean el reto de alcanzar su plena puesta en práctica, así como de ampliar su cobertura a los Estados asociados.

This article analyzes the migratory regional policy in the Southern Common Market. The multilateral treatment of the migratory phenomenon is new in the region. A matter traditionally associated with domestic politics become part of foreign relations and diplomacy. In addition, the logic of the integration requires a regional policy which is beneficial towards regional migrants and restrictive towards citizens of third countries. The first part of this article gives some conceptual precisions about the regional migrations movements and the process of integration. Then it examines some of the initiatives destined for the treatment of the human mobility in general and of the regional migration in the block. The Residence Agreements are considered the most important instruments in the matter, which define and construct the mercosurean migrant in contraposition with those of third countries. Finally, a few conclusions arise that do not try to be definitive but they invite to open the debate and the reflection for the future.