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dc.contributor.author
Svartz, Gabriela Veronica
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dc.contributor.author
Meijide, Fernando Javier
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dc.contributor.author
Perez Coll, Cristina Silvia
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dc.date.available
2017-07-04T17:31:29Z
dc.date.issued
2016-07
dc.identifier.citation
Svartz, Gabriela Veronica; Meijide, Fernando Javier; Perez Coll, Cristina Silvia; Effects of a fungicide formulation on embryo-larval development, metamorphosis, and gonadogenesis of the South American toad Rhinella arenarum; Elsevier Science; Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology; 45; 7-2016; 1-7
dc.identifier.issn
1382-6689
dc.identifier.uri
http://hdl.handle.net/11336/19474
dc.description.abstract
Sublethaltoxicity ofthe formulated fungicide Maxim® XL on embryonic, larval and juvenile development of Rhinella arenarum was evaluated by means of standardized bioassays. Maxim® XL, one ofthe most used fungicides in Argentina, is based on a mixture of two active ingredients: Fludioxonil and Metalaxyl-M. Maxim® XL exposure induced severe sublethal effects on the embryos, expressed as general underdevelopment, axial flexures, microcephaly, cellular dissociation, abnormal pigmentation, underdeveloped gills, marked edema and wavy tail. As the embryo development advanced, alterations in behavior as spasmodic contractions, general weakness and inanition were observed. Maxim® XL did not affect neither the time required to complete metamorphosis nor sex proportions, but gonadal development and differentiation were impaired. Gross gonadal analysis revealed a significant proportion of exposed individuals with underdevelopment of one or both gonads. Histological analysis confirmed that 18% and 10% ofthe individuals exposed to 0.25 and 2 mg/L Maxim® XL, respectively, exhibited undifferentiated gonads characterized by a reduced number (or absence) of germ cells. Taking into account the risk evaluation performed by means of Hazard Quotients, this fungicide could be a threat to R. arenarum populations under chronic exposure. This study represents the first evidence of toxic effects exerted by Maxim® XL on amphibians. Finally, our findings highlight the properties of this fungicide that might jeopardize non-target living species exposed to it in agricultural environments.
dc.format
application/pdf
dc.language.iso
eng
dc.publisher
Elsevier Science
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dc.rights
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.uri
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ar/
dc.subject
Fungicide
dc.subject
Sublethal Effects
dc.subject
Standardized Bioassays
dc.subject
Gonadal Development
dc.subject
Histology
dc.subject
Amphibians
dc.subject.classification
Biología del Desarrollo
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dc.subject.classification
Ciencias Biológicas
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dc.subject.classification
CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS
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dc.title
Effects of a fungicide formulation on embryo-larval development, metamorphosis, and gonadogenesis of the South American toad Rhinella arenarum
dc.type
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type
info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo
dc.type
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.date.updated
2017-07-04T15:34:31Z
dc.journal.volume
45
dc.journal.pagination
1-7
dc.journal.pais
Países Bajos
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dc.journal.ciudad
Amsterdam
dc.description.fil
Fil: Svartz, Gabriela Veronica. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
dc.description.fil
Fil: Meijide, Fernando Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada; Argentina
dc.description.fil
Fil: Perez Coll, Cristina Silvia. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina
dc.journal.title
Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology
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dc.relation.alternativeid
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2016.05.008
dc.relation.alternativeid
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1382668916301016
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