Molecular typing of adenoviruses in pediatric respiratory infections in Buenos Aires, Argentina (1999-2010)

Abstract

Background: The human adenovirus (HAdV) types most commonly found in respiratory samples belong to HAdV species C (HAdV-C1, -C2, -C5, and -C6) and to HAdV species B (HAdV-B3 and -B7). Several studies in South America have shown the association between severe respiratory infections and subspecies B1. Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the adenovirus types associated with acute lower respiratory tract infections in children, found as single or coinfections, throughout a 12-year period. Study design: All samples that tested positive for adenovirus by immunofluorescence assay from January 1999 to December 2010 were typed by evaluating a set of four viral genes (E1A, VA, hexon and fiber). Quantitative PCRs for HAdV-B and HAdV-C species were performed to compare the viral load found in single infections and coinfections. Results: From a total of 743 HAdV, 654 (88%) were single infections and 89 (12%) coinfections. From the 654 single HAdV infections, members of four species were present: species B (n= 492, 75.23%), species C (n= 138, 21.1%), species E (n= 19, 2.91%), and species D (n= 5, 0.76%). Only members of species B (n= 109, 57.67%) and species C (n= 80, 42.33%) were detected in coinfections. HAdV-B7 and HAdV-B3 were the most prevalent types (n= 308, 36.54%; n= 230, 27.28% respectively) and HAdV-C1, -C2, -E4, -C5, -C6, -D8, -B11, -B14 and -B21 were also detected. Viral loads for species C viruses were higher in single infections than in coinfections (p< 0.01), whereas the opposite was observed for species B viruses (p< 0.0001). Conclusions: This study provides a thorough description of adenovirus circulation and diversity in Buenos Aires in a 12-year period. The high proportion of coinfections found in this work shows that this phenomenom might be more common than expected.