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dc.contributor.author
Balmaceda, Laura Antonia
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dc.contributor.author
Solanki, S. K.
dc.contributor.author
Krivova, N. A.
dc.contributor.author
Foster, S.
dc.date.available
2023-01-14T00:51:34Z
dc.date.issued
2009-12
dc.identifier.citation
Balmaceda, Laura Antonia; Solanki, S. K.; Krivova, N. A.; Foster, S.; A homogeneous database of sunspot areas covering more than 130 years; American Geophysical Union; Journal of Geophysical Research; 114; 7; 12-2009; 1-12
dc.identifier.issn
0148-0227
dc.identifier.uri
http://hdl.handle.net/11336/184752
dc.description.abstract
The historical record of sunspot areas is a valuable and widely used proxy of solar activity and variability. The Royal Greenwich Observatory regularly measured this and other parameters between 1874 and 1976. After that time records from a number of different observatories are available. These, however, show systematic differences and often have significant gaps. Our goal is to obtain a uniform and complete sunspot area time series by combining different data sets. A homogeneous composite of sunspot areas is essential for different applications in solar physics, among others for irradiance reconstructions. Data recorded simultaneously at different observatories are statistically compared in order to determine the intercalibration factors. Using these data we compile a complete and cross-calibrated time series. The Greenwich data set is used as a basis until 1976, the Russian data (a compilation of observations made at stations in the former USSR) are used between 1977 and 1985, and data compiled by the USAF network are used since 1986. Other data sets (Rome, Yunnan, and Catania) are used to fill up the remaining gaps. Using the final sunspot areas record the Photometric Sunspot Index is calculated. We also show that the use of uncalibrated sunspot areas data sets can seriously affect the estimate of irradiance variations. Our analysis implies that there is no basis for the claim that UV irradiance variations have a much smaller influence on climate than total solar irradiance variations.
dc.format
application/pdf
dc.language.iso
eng
dc.publisher
American Geophysical Union
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dc.rights
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.uri
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
dc.subject
Solar and stellar variability
dc.subject
Solar activity cycle
dc.subject
Solar irradiance
dc.subject
Solar/planetary relationships
dc.subject.classification
Astronomía
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dc.subject.classification
Ciencias Físicas
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dc.subject.classification
CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS
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dc.title
A homogeneous database of sunspot areas covering more than 130 years
dc.type
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type
info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo
dc.type
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.date.updated
2020-05-08T14:14:14Z
dc.journal.volume
114
dc.journal.number
7
dc.journal.pagination
1-12
dc.journal.pais
Estados Unidos
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dc.description.fil
Fil: Balmaceda, Laura Antonia. Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung; Alemania. Universidad de Valencia; España
dc.description.fil
Fil: Solanki, S. K.. Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung; Alemania
dc.description.fil
Fil: Krivova, N. A.. Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung; Alemania
dc.description.fil
Fil: Foster, S.. Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung; Alemania
dc.journal.title
Journal of Geophysical Research
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dc.relation.alternativeid
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009JGRA..11407104B
dc.relation.alternativeid
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2009JA014299
dc.relation.alternativeid
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009JA014299
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