Análisis de la cobertura nival de la cuenca superior del río Mendoza a partir de imágenes MODIS
; Masiokas, Mariano Hugo
; Viale, Maximiliano
; Villalba, Ricardo 
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Fecha
08/2016
Editorial
Centro Argentino de Meteorólogos
Revista
Meteorológica
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ISSN
0325-187X
eISSN
1850-468X
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Resumen
El deshielo de la nieve acumulada durante el invierno en la cuenca alta del ríoMendoza constituye el principal suministro de agua para la agricultura, la industria y el consumo humano en los sectores bajos adyacentes. Sin embargo, a pesar de su gran importancia, hay muy pocos estudios que permitan conocer y entender la variabilidad espacial y temporal de la nieve en este sector de los Andes Centrales de Argentina. En este trabajo presentamos una técnica para cuantificar la evolución diaria de la cobertura nival en esta cuenca basada en la integración de imágenes de los sensores MODIS Aqua y Terra para el período 2000 y 2014. La técnica muestra disminución en la pérdida de información por presencia de nubosidad y fue realizada utilizando herramientas y funciones de los lenguajes de programación Libres R y BASH. Las series de cobertura de nieve obtenidas muestran importantes variaciones estacionales con aumentos de la cobertura nival en invierno (58% de cobertura máxima en promedio) y reducciones significativas en verano. Asimismo, se observa una importante variabilidad interanual con claras diferencias entre años secos (ej. 2010, con 12% de cobertura promedio) y nevadores (ej. 2005, 32% de cobertura anual promedio). Los mapas de cobertura nival muestran además que los sectores con mayor persistencia de nieve coinciden con la ubicación de glaciares, en los sectores más elevados, protegidos y de menor insolación de la cuenca. Los resultados brindan información novedosa y relevante para conocer y entender de forma más completa la distribución y variabilidad de la cobertura nival en este sector de la cordillera. Los mismos pueden servir de base para múltiples aplicaciones incluyendo el modelado hidrológico de la cuenca del río Mendoza contribuyendo al manejo racional de sus recursos hídricos.
The melting of snow accumulated in the upper Mendoza river during winter is the main water supply for agriculture, industry and human consumption in the area. Despite its importance, there are few studies that have assessed the spatial and temporal variability of snow in this sector of the Central Andes of Argentina. We present a technique to quantify the daily evolution of the snow cover in the basin based on the integration of scenes from Aqua and Terra MODIS sensors acquired between 2000 and 2014. This technique improves the amount of snow cover information by minimizing the impact of clouds on different sectors of the scenes, and was developed using the free programming languages R and BASH. The snow cover series obtained show significant seasonal variations with increases in winter (58 % avg. coverage) and significant reductions in summer. Also, a significant inter-annual variability is observed with clear differences between dry years (e.g. 2010, with 12 % average) and snowy winters (eg. 2005, 32 % average). Snow cover maps also show that the sectors with greatest persistence of snow correspond with the location of glaciers in the highest, more protected and less illuminated areas in the basin. The results provide new and important information to better understand the distribution and variability of snow cover in this sector of the Andes. They can serve as the basis for multiple applications including the hydrological modeling of the Mendoza river, contributing to improve the management of the water resources.
The melting of snow accumulated in the upper Mendoza river during winter is the main water supply for agriculture, industry and human consumption in the area. Despite its importance, there are few studies that have assessed the spatial and temporal variability of snow in this sector of the Central Andes of Argentina. We present a technique to quantify the daily evolution of the snow cover in the basin based on the integration of scenes from Aqua and Terra MODIS sensors acquired between 2000 and 2014. This technique improves the amount of snow cover information by minimizing the impact of clouds on different sectors of the scenes, and was developed using the free programming languages R and BASH. The snow cover series obtained show significant seasonal variations with increases in winter (58 % avg. coverage) and significant reductions in summer. Also, a significant inter-annual variability is observed with clear differences between dry years (e.g. 2010, with 12 % average) and snowy winters (eg. 2005, 32 % average). Snow cover maps also show that the sectors with greatest persistence of snow correspond with the location of glaciers in the highest, more protected and less illuminated areas in the basin. The results provide new and important information to better understand the distribution and variability of snow cover in this sector of the Andes. They can serve as the basis for multiple applications including the hydrological modeling of the Mendoza river, contributing to improve the management of the water resources.
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