Análisis de perfiles de personalidad en mujeres adultas con diagnóstico de Síndrome de Turner

Abstract

El Síndrome de Turner es el trastorno cromosómico, no heredable, de mayor incidencia poblacional en el sexo femenino, determinado por la deleción parcial o total del cromosoma X. En el desarrollo de las mujeres con este diagnóstico intervienen factores genéticos, familiares, educacionales y sociales que resultan relevantes en la consolidación de la personalidad. El objetivo del trabajo realizado fue caracterizar la personalidad de mujeres adultas con Síndrome de Turner residentes en Latinoamérica. La muestra fue de tipo no probabilístico intencional y corresponde a 60 mujeres entre 18 y 55 años. Los datos se recabaron a través de una versión virtual del Inventario Clínico Multiaxial de Millon II. Se transformaron las puntuaciones directas en puntuaciones Tasa Base y se obtuvieron estadísticos descriptivos de frecuencias y medidas de tendencia central para caracterizar a las participantes de la muestra. Posteriormente se calculó la razón de momios para obtener el índice de la probabilidad que las mujeres con diagnóstico de Síndrome de Turner presentaran trastornos de la personalidad. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la probabilidad que presenta dicha población de padecer trastornos de personalidad, en comparación con una muestra clínica normativa, resulta superior para todos los trastornos, siendo las escalas autodestructiva, compulsiva y antisocial aquellas que presentan los porcentajes más altos. Los datos obtenidos dan cuenta de la vulnerabilidad que presenta la población estudiada de padecer trastornos de personalidad y son útiles para el desarrollo de terapias específicas que consideren dichas características en pos de una mejor calidad de vida.

Turner Syndrome is a chromosomal, not inher - ited, disorder highest population incidence in females, determined by the partial or complete deletion of chromosome X. Is characterized by short stature and digenesia gonadal and, in a psy - chosocial level, one of the most common traits are the difficulties in establishing interpersonal rela - tion ships. In the development of women with diagnosis of Turner syndrome involves genetic, family, educational and social factors that are relevant in the establishment and consolidation of personality. This last one results from the inter - action between biological and environmental fac tors among which are the inheritance and the learnings. The influence of the personality is a determining factor in the behavior and in the way to adapt to the environment, and may be favorable or pathological depending on the degree of flexibility in the situations of stress. The study of the influence of biological and environmental factors on human development is part of the new contributions of the biopsychosocial paradigm, which seeks to understand the psychological pro - cesses through a comprehensive vision that takes into account the interaction between biological, psychological and social factors in the devel - opment. This interdisciplinary approach oriented perspective becomes more conducive to addressing people with genetic disorders frame, since the differential impact of each of these factors in psychosocial development directly affect their quality of life. The study of personality in people with genetic disorders, and especially in the Turner Syndrome, is currently a vacant area in psychol - ogical research. The aim of the present study was to characterize the personality of adult women with Turner syndrome living in Latin America. The sample was intentional non-probability and corre - sponds to 60 women between 18 and 55 years. The data were gathered through a virtual version of the Millon Multiaxial Clinical Inventory II in the Spanish version. The direct scores transformed on scores Rate-Base and descriptive statistics of frequencies and measures of central tendency were obtained to characterize the sample. Subsequently the odds ratio was calculated to obtain the index of the probability of women with a diagnosis of Turner syndrome present personality disorders. The presence of a personality disorder was con s - idered when the score in the Rate-Base was greater than 84. The results show that the probability that women with a diagnosis of Turner syndrome presents of suffering from personality disorders, in comparison with a clinical normative sample, is higher for all disorders, being antisocial, selfdestructive and compulsive scales those presenting the highest percentages. Thus, despite the limita - tions encountered, it is important to consider that, according to the finding of the scientific literature, personality is partly determined by biological factors, and in this sense the Turner syndrome has a particular specificity to result from loss of genetic material and therefore cause physical and neuro - psychological distinctive characteristics. At the same time, environmental factors would be respon - sible for modular the development of biological predispositions of certain personality traits, and in this sense social relations, the process of social - ization and stimulation that provide girls with a diagnosis of Turner Syndrome from the early years of life, could have a strong impact on the devel - opment of what in future will be formed personality style. The results are important for therapeutic work with women diagnosed with Turner syn - drome because as having empirical information about their characteristics and personality disorders may be possible to diagramming programs specific treatments they consider their particular way of relating to themselves and the environment, seeking to develop new strategies to improve their quality of life. And at the same time, suggests possible interventions at the family level, especially during childhood, aimed at the prevention of de - velopment of dysfunctional personality characteristics.