Morphotectonic characterization along the eastern portion of the main trace of Magallanes-Fagnano Fault System in Tierra del Fuego, Argentina

Abstract

The Magallanes-Fagnano Fault System (MFFS) constitutes the onshore segment of the transform boundary between the Scotia and South American plates. The objective of this study is to provide a characterization of the portion of the MFFS, extending from the eastern shore of the Fagnano Lake to the Atlantic coast of Argentina, from a geometric and morphotectonic approach. Detailed morphotectonic analyses of satellite images, plane recognition, digital topographic data, and field surveys allowed us to identify thirteen discrete fault sections. These sections were differentiated according to the morphological characteristics of scarps, natural exposures and other associated morphotectonic features. The main trace fault shows opposite north- and south-facing scarps alternating along strikes being descriptively characterized by their scarps, linear rivers and valleys, drainage anomalies (e.g. diverted, deflected or offset streams), behead meanders, wind gaps, sag ponds, pull-apart basins and linear ridges, among others features. The natural exposures of glacio-fluvial sand and gravel outcrops show Quaternary vertical and strike-slip deformation. It looks unlikely that the Magallanes-Fagnano Fault System (MFFS) could rupture along the entire ∼600 km length during an earthquake. Our results show that even large strike-slip faults may be divided into several discrete fault sections with distinctive morphotectonic features that could help to an increasing understanding of MFFS as a seismogenic source. In this way we suggest different fault sections as a contribution to the recognition of potential individual surface ruptures, which should be tested with further detailed data.