Origen y meta de la máxima "Volver a las cosas mismas"

Abstract

Se destacan cinco rasgos fundamentales en los análisis de Antonio Zirión sobre la máxima “Volver a las cosas mismas”: 1) la respuesta a una situación histórica caracterizada por el escepticismo y la exigencia de una vuelta a Kant; 2) una condición ética y un principio vocacional destinados a asegurar una práctica responsable de la filosofía; 3) una orientación hacia un desarrollo autónomo y cabal de la razón; 4) la teleología en la que todos los prejuicios y presupuestos se dejan a un lado; y 5) un principio fundamental no solo de la fenomenología sino de todo método científico. Se intenta mostrar el modo en que la máxima queda envuelta en su especificación.

Five distinctive features are stressed in Antonio Zirion’s analysis of the maxim “Back to the things themselves”: 1) the answer to a historical situation characterized by skepticism and the demand to go back to Kant; 3) an ethical condition and a vocational principle addressed to ensure a responsible practice of philosophy; 3) an orientation toward an autonomous and full development of reason; 4) a teleology in which all prejudices and presuppositions are set aside; and 5) a fundamental principle not only of phenomenology but of any other scientific method. An attempt is made to show the way in which the maxim becomes involved in its specification Finally, in the manuscript “Teleology in the History of Philosophy” (1936-37), it does not require a direct formulation in order to guide the research. The five features are analyzed in this manuscript in view of the insertion of transcendental phenomenology in the idea of philosophy and its teleology. A parallel history can be outlined for the maxim. After its primal establishment it undergoes changes in new establishments until it becomes concealed behind its final form. Important in this analysis is the examination of the philosophical vocation.