Epistemologías críticas feministas: breve aproximación a las teorías sobre una ciencia sucesora en Sandra Harding y Donna Haraway

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Fecha
12/2020
Editorial
Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos. Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación
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El Cardo
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1514-7347
eISSN
1851-1562
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Español
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Resumen
El objetivo del siguiente artículo es describir desde una posición interesada algunos de los aportes de las llamadas Epistemologías Críticas Feministas para presentar una breve aproximación a los aportes y debates que dicha perspectiva ha realizado al campo científico y a las teorías del conocimiento desde los aportes teóricos de Sandra Harding (1996) y Donna Haraway ([1991] 1995), textos considerados como fundacionales de esta perspectiva. Dicha corriente surge hacia finales de la década de los años 80, ancladas en la crítica pos-marxista, transdisciplinar e influenciadas por la filosofía de los giros en el marco de la crítica posestructuralista, cuestionaban el modo de producir y validar el conocimiento de la ciencia moderna que, en tanto producto y proceso social, favorecía la producción de un conocimiento androcéntrico, sexista, clasista, racista, coercitivo y al servicio del status quo (Campagnoli, 2018). La trasformación teórico-metodológica que comportaban estas epistemologías, también llamadas del «punto de vista», se resumen en las tres características enunciadas en 1986 por Sandra Harding: «empirismo feminista, punto de vista feminista y postmodernismo feminista» (1996: 23). Nuestro recorrido reflexivo se focaliza en dos obras: Ciencia, cyborgs y mujeres. La reinvención de la naturaleza, de Donna Haraway de 1995 y Ciencia y Feminismo, de Sandra Harding de 1996, destacando cuáles son las posibilidades planteadas por estas epistemologías sobre la construcción de una «ciencia del sucesor» o ciencia feminista mediante el cuestionamiento de la relación sujeto-objeto de conocimiento y la objetividad científica.
The objective of the following article will be to describe from an interested position, some of the contributions of the so-called Critical Feminist Epistemologies to present a brief approach to the contributions and debates that this perspective has made to the scientific field and to the theories of knowledge from the theoretical contributions from Sandra Harding (1996) and Donna Haraway ([1991] 1995), texts considered as foundational to this perspective. Emerged towards the end of the 1980s, anchored in post-Marxist criticism, transdisciplinary and influenced by the philosophy of turns in the framework of post-structuralist criticism, they questioned the way of producing and validating knowledge of the modern science, which as a product and social process, favored the production of androcentric, sexist, classist, racist, coercive knowledge and in the service of the status quo (Campagnoli, 2018). The theoretical-methodological transformation involved in these epistemologies, also called of the «point of view», is summarized in the three characteristics stated in 1986 by Sandra Harding: «feminist empiricism, feminist point of view and feminist postmodernism» (1996: 23). Our reflective tour focuses on two works: Science, cyborgs and women. Donna Haraway's reinvention of nature in 1995 and Science and Feminism, by Sandra Harding in 1996, highlighting what are the possibilities posed by these epistemologies on the construction of a «successor science» or feminist science by questioning the subject relationship-object of knowledge and scientific objectivity.
The objective of the following article will be to describe from an interested position, some of the contributions of the so-called Critical Feminist Epistemologies to present a brief approach to the contributions and debates that this perspective has made to the scientific field and to the theories of knowledge from the theoretical contributions from Sandra Harding (1996) and Donna Haraway ([1991] 1995), texts considered as foundational to this perspective. Emerged towards the end of the 1980s, anchored in post-Marxist criticism, transdisciplinary and influenced by the philosophy of turns in the framework of post-structuralist criticism, they questioned the way of producing and validating knowledge of the modern science, which as a product and social process, favored the production of androcentric, sexist, classist, racist, coercive knowledge and in the service of the status quo (Campagnoli, 2018). The theoretical-methodological transformation involved in these epistemologies, also called of the «point of view», is summarized in the three characteristics stated in 1986 by Sandra Harding: «feminist empiricism, feminist point of view and feminist postmodernism» (1996: 23). Our reflective tour focuses on two works: Science, cyborgs and women. Donna Haraway's reinvention of nature in 1995 and Science and Feminism, by Sandra Harding in 1996, highlighting what are the possibilities posed by these epistemologies on the construction of a «successor science» or feminist science by questioning the subject relationship-object of knowledge and scientific objectivity.
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