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dc.contributor.author
Pernía Andrade, Alejandro J.
dc.contributor.author
Wenger, Nikolaus
dc.contributor.author
Esposito, Maria Soledad
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dc.contributor.author
Tovote, Philip
dc.date.available
2022-09-06T18:09:07Z
dc.date.issued
2021-11
dc.identifier.citation
Pernía Andrade, Alejandro J.; Wenger, Nikolaus; Esposito, Maria Soledad; Tovote, Philip; Circuits for State-Dependent Modulation of Locomotion; Frontiers Media; Frontiers In Human Neuroscience; 15; 745689; 11-2021; 1-20
dc.identifier.issn
1662-5161
dc.identifier.uri
http://hdl.handle.net/11336/167632
dc.description.abstract
Brain-wide neural circuits enable bi- and quadrupeds to express adaptive locomotor behaviors in a context- and state-dependent manner, e.g., in response to threats or rewards. These behaviors include dynamic transitions between initiation, maintenance and termination of locomotion. Advances within the last decade have revealed an intricate coordination of these individual locomotion phases by complex interaction of multiple brain circuits. This review provides an overview of the neural basis of state-dependent modulation of locomotion initiation, maintenance and termination, with a focus on insights from circuit-centered studies in rodents. The reviewed evidence indicates that a brain-wide network involving excitatory circuit elements connecting cortex, midbrain and medullary areas appears to be the common substrate for the initiation of locomotion across different higher-order states. Specific network elements within motor cortex and the mesencephalic locomotor region drive the initial postural adjustment and the initiation of locomotion. Microcircuits of the basal ganglia, by implementing action-selection computations, trigger goal-directed locomotion. The initiation of locomotion is regulated by neuromodulatory circuits residing in the basal forebrain, the hypothalamus, and medullary regions such as locus coeruleus. The maintenance of locomotion requires the interaction of an even larger neuronal network involving motor, sensory and associative cortical elements, as well as defined circuits within the superior colliculus, the cerebellum, the periaqueductal gray, the mesencephalic locomotor region and the medullary reticular formation. Finally, locomotor arrest as an important component of defensive emotional states, such as acute anxiety, is mediated via a network of survival circuits involving hypothalamus, amygdala, periaqueductal gray and medullary premotor centers. By moving beyond the organizational principle of functional brain regions, this review promotes a circuit-centered perspective of locomotor regulation by higher-order states, and emphasizes the importance of individual network elements such as cell types and projection pathways. The realization that dysfunction within smaller, identifiable circuit elements can affect the larger network function supports more mechanistic and targeted therapeutic intervention in the treatment of motor network disorders.
dc.format
application/pdf
dc.language.iso
eng
dc.publisher
Frontiers Media
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dc.rights
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.uri
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ar/
dc.subject
CIRCUITS AND CIRCUIT COMPONENTS
dc.subject
EMOTIONAL STATES
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GAIT
dc.subject
LOCOMOTION
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MOTOR CONTROL
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NEURAL NETWORKS
dc.subject.classification
Otras Ciencias Médicas
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dc.subject.classification
Otras Ciencias Médicas
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dc.subject.classification
CIENCIAS MÉDICAS Y DE LA SALUD
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dc.title
Circuits for State-Dependent Modulation of Locomotion
dc.type
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type
info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo
dc.type
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.date.updated
2022-08-30T20:02:51Z
dc.journal.volume
15
dc.journal.number
745689
dc.journal.pagination
1-20
dc.journal.pais
Suiza
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dc.journal.ciudad
Lausana
dc.description.fil
Fil: Pernía Andrade, Alejandro J.. University Hospital Würzburg; Alemania
dc.description.fil
Fil: Wenger, Nikolaus. Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Alemania. Freie Universität Berlin; Alemania
dc.description.fil
Fil: Esposito, Maria Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Centro Atómico Bariloche; Argentina
dc.description.fil
Fil: Tovote, Philip. Universität Würzburg; Alemania. University Hospital Würzburg; Alemania
dc.journal.title
Frontiers In Human Neuroscience
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dc.relation.alternativeid
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2021.745689
dc.relation.alternativeid
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2021.745689/full
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