Artículo
Genetic Mechanisms Underlying Cortical Evolution in Mammals
Fecha de publicación:
02/2021
Editorial:
Frontiers Media
Revista:
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
e-ISSN:
2296-634X
Idioma:
Inglés
Tipo de recurso:
Artículo publicado
Clasificación temática:
Resumen
The remarkable sensory, motor, and cognitive abilities of mammals mainly depend on the neocortex. Thus, the emergence of the six-layered neocortex in reptilian ancestors of mammals constitutes a fundamental evolutionary landmark. The mammalian cortex is a columnar epithelium of densely packed cells organized in layers where neurons are generated mainly in the subventricular zone in successive waves throughout development. Newborn cells move away from their site of neurogenesis through radial or tangential migration to reach their specific destination closer to the pial surface of the same or different cortical area. Interestingly, the genetic programs underlying neocortical development diversified in different mammalian lineages. In this work, I will review several recent studies that characterized how distinct transcriptional programs relate to the development and functional organization of the neocortex across diverse mammalian lineages. In some primates such as the anthropoids, the neocortex became extremely large, especially in humans where it comprises around 80% of the brain. It has been hypothesized that the massive expansion of the cortical surface and elaboration of its connections in the human lineage, has enabled our unique cognitive capacities including abstract thinking, long-term planning, verbal language and elaborated tool making capabilities. I will also analyze the lineage-specific genetic changes that could have led to the modification of key neurodevelopmental events, including regulation of cell number, neuronal migration, and differentiation into specific phenotypes, in order to shed light on the evolutionary mechanisms underlying the diversity of mammalian brains including the human brain.
Palabras clave:
BRAIN
,
CETACEA
,
CORTEX
,
ELEPHANT
,
HUMAN
,
HUMAN ACCELERATED REGION
,
PRIMATES
,
SYNAPSIDS
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Identificadores
Colecciones
Articulos(INGEBI)
Articulos de INST.DE INVEST.EN ING.GENETICA Y BIOL.MOLECULAR "DR. HECTOR N TORRES"
Articulos de INST.DE INVEST.EN ING.GENETICA Y BIOL.MOLECULAR "DR. HECTOR N TORRES"
Citación
Franchini, Lucia Florencia; Genetic Mechanisms Underlying Cortical Evolution in Mammals; Frontiers Media; Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology; 9; 591017; 2-2021; 1-27
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