Age and growth in an anuran hybrid zone: Fitness-related traits of the diploid/polyploid ground frog complex (genus Odontophrynus) from central Argentina

Abstract

Diploid Odontophrynus cordobae and tetraploid Odontophrynus americanus coexist in syntopy in central Argentina, and recently a hybrid zone between them with numerous triploid individuals has been reported. Furthermore, hybrid polyploids with odd numbers of chromosome sets often exhibit low viability and fertility. Our aim was to test differences in age-related life history aspects influencing fitness in hybrids and their parental species, by comparing demographic and growth-related parameters. The mean age and snout-vent length at sexual maturity and adulthood did not differ significantly among taxa. Longevity and potential reproductive lifespan were one year higher in O. cordobae than O. americanus and hybrids. We did not find significant differences in growth parameters among taxa. Our study shows similar patterns of size and demographics parameters. Triploid hybrids have a similar longevity and viability to parental species. The age structure of triploids indicates that the hybridization process has a temporal continuity. The lack of observed differences among taxa in age-related life-history aspects indicates that hybrid fitness does not seem to differ from that of the parental species, and reinforce the idea of a potential fertility of hybrids. Besides, our results suggests that hybrids do not direct their resources more to growth than to reproduction, as would be expected if they were infertile. However, further studies are necessary to determine the reproductive capacity of the hybrids.