Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Four Native Species of the Ganodermataceae Family (Agaricomycetes) from Paraguay

Abstract

The lack of information on the chemistry of higher fungi in Paraguay and the search for new sources of secondary metabolites motivated this chemical study of four wild species of the Ganodermataceae family and the comparison with a commercial species cultivated under laboratory conditions. Qualitative identification of secondary metabolites as well as a quantification of phenolic compounds content and antioxidant potential of ethanolic extracts was carried out of four wild species: Cristataspora flavipora, two specimens of different phylogenetic clades of Ganoderma australe (clade 1 and clade 2), G. martinicense, G. multicornum, and a strain of G. sessile E47. Qualitative chemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenolic compounds, sterols and terpenes. Significant variations were noted in metabolite content and antioxidant potential throughout the studied species. The best biological profiles found were of G. australe clade 1, with a concentration of 96.7 ± 0.362 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) g-1, an antioxidant compound (AC) content of 139.25 ± 0.32 mg g-1 ascorbic acid equivalents (AAE), and an activity percentage of 96.87%, and G. australe clade 2, with a concentration of 92.6 ± 0,350 mg GAE g-1, an AC content of 153.62 ± 3.36 mg g-1 AAE, and an activity percentage of 95.23%.