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dc.contributor.author
MacPhee, Ross D. E.  
dc.contributor.author
Hernández del Pino, Santiago Ezequiel  
dc.contributor.author
Kramarz, Alejandro Gustavo  
dc.contributor.author
Forasiepi, Analia Marta  
dc.contributor.author
Bond, Mariano  
dc.contributor.author
Susler, Benjamin  
dc.date.available
2022-02-15T18:03:46Z  
dc.date.issued
2021-04  
dc.identifier.citation
MacPhee, Ross D. E.; Hernández del Pino, Santiago Ezequiel; Kramarz, Alejandro Gustavo; Forasiepi, Analia Marta; Bond, Mariano; et al.; Cranial Morphology and Phylogenetic Relationships of Trigonostylops wortmani, an Eocene South American Native Ungulate; American Museum of Natural History; Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History; 449; 1; 4-2021; 1-181  
dc.identifier.issn
0003-0090  
dc.identifier.uri
http://hdl.handle.net/11336/152049  
dc.description.abstract
In 1933 George G. Simpson described a remarkably complete skull of Trigonostylops, an Eocene South American native ungulate (SANU) whose relationships were, in his mind, quite uncertain. Although some authorities, such as Florentino Ameghino and William B. Scott, thought that a case could be made for regarding Trigonostylops as an astrapothere, Simpson took a different position, emphasizing what would now be regarded as autapomorphies. He pointed out a number of features of the skull of Trigonostylops that he thought were not represented in other major clades of SANUs, and regarded these as evidence of its phyletic uniqueness. Arguing that the lineage that Trigonostylops represented must have departed at an early point from lineages that gave rise to other SANU orders, Simpson reserved the possibility that Astrapotheriidae might still qualify (in modern terms) as its sister group. Even so, he argued that the next logical step was to place Trigonostylops and its few known allies in a separate order, Trigonostylopoidea, coordinate with Astrapotheria, Notoungulata, Litopterna, and Pyrotheria. Simpson's classification was not favored by most later authors, and in recent decades trigonostylopids have been almost universally assigned to Astrapotheria. However, his evaluation of the allegedly unique characters of Trigonostylops and its allies has never been systematically treated, which is the objective of this paper. Using computed tomography, the skull of Trigonostylops is compared, structure by structure, to a variety of representative SANUs as well as extant perissodactylans (which together comprise the clade Panperissodactyla) and the "condylarthran"Meniscotherium. In addition to placing Simpson's character evaluations in a comparative context, we also provide detailed assessments of many vascular and pneumatization-related features of panperissodactylans never previously explored. Overall, we found that this new assessment strengthened the placement of Trigonostylops within a monophyletic group that includes Astrapotherium and Astraponotus, to the exclusion of other SANU clades. Although Trigonostylops cannot be considered as morphologically distinct or unusual as Simpson thought, our comparative and phylogenetic analyses have helped to generate a number of hypotheses about character evolution and function in SANUs that may now be fruitfully tested using other taxon combinations. Reconstruction of Trigonostylops wortmani by Jorge Blanco.  
dc.format
application/pdf  
dc.language.iso
eng  
dc.publisher
American Museum of Natural History  
dc.rights
info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess  
dc.rights.uri
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/  
dc.subject
South American Native Ungulate  
dc.subject
Trigonostylops wortmani  
dc.subject.classification
Paleontología  
dc.subject.classification
Ciencias de la Tierra y relacionadas con el Medio Ambiente  
dc.subject.classification
CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS  
dc.subject.classification
Zoología, Ornitología, Entomología, Etología  
dc.subject.classification
Ciencias Biológicas  
dc.subject.classification
CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS  
dc.title
Cranial Morphology and Phylogenetic Relationships of Trigonostylops wortmani, an Eocene South American Native Ungulate  
dc.type
info:eu-repo/semantics/article  
dc.type
info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo  
dc.type
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion  
dc.date.updated
2021-12-03T21:36:31Z  
dc.journal.volume
449  
dc.journal.number
1  
dc.journal.pagination
1-181  
dc.journal.pais
Estados Unidos  
dc.journal.ciudad
New York  
dc.description.fil
Fil: MacPhee, Ross D. E.. American Museum of Natural History; Estados Unidos  
dc.description.fil
Fil: Hernández del Pino, Santiago Ezequiel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; Argentina  
dc.description.fil
Fil: Kramarz, Alejandro Gustavo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; Argentina  
dc.description.fil
Fil: Forasiepi, Analia Marta. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; Argentina  
dc.description.fil
Fil: Bond, Mariano. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Paleontología Vertebrados; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina  
dc.description.fil
Fil: Susler, Benjamin. American Museum of Natural History; Estados Unidos  
dc.journal.title
Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History  
dc.relation.alternativeid
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/https://doi.org/10.1206/0003-0090.449.1.1  
dc.relation.alternativeid
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://bioone.org/journals/bulletin-of-the-american-museum-of-natural-history/volume-449/issue-1/0003-0090.449.1.1/Cranial-Morphology-and-Phylogenetic-Relationships-of-Trigonostylops-wortmani-an-Eocene/10.1206/0003-0090.449.1.1.short