The Impact of the Use of Large Non-Linear Lighting Loads in Low-Voltage Networks

Abstract

The principal numerical and experimental results obtained by the authors on the harmonicpower losses in low-voltage networks in the lighting area have been summarizedin this review. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) loadswere considered. Four-core cables and four single-core cable arrangements were examined.The cables were modeled by using electromagnetic finite element analysis software.It was found that the cross section of the neutral conductor plays an important role in thederating of the cable ampacity due to the presence of a high level of triplen harmonics inthe distorted current. In order to reduce the third-order harmonic currents in the neutralconductor, an experimental investigation of diversity factors for LED in combination withCFL and LED lamps was also performed. Attention was paid to the reduction of the thirdorderharmonic current, which is mainly responsible for the strong increase in powerlosses in the neutral conductor of low-voltage installations. The convenience of havingLED lamps designed to operate as two-phase loads is suggested for certain applications.