A New Species of Histiotus Gervais 1856 (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae), from the Pacific Coast of Northern Peru

Abstract

The Pacific coastal desert of Peru harbors a unique bat fauna, including narrowly endemictaxa adapted to arid environments. This region was also the setting where several pre-Incan civilizations flourished. The Moche culture (100?850 CE) was one of those, with a rich and diversematerial culture that included strikingly realistic ceramic representations of the regional flora andfauna. In particular, one Mochica pottery vessel is in the form of a bat that, based on externalcharacteristics (large pinnae and tragus, pinnae connected by high band of membrane across theforehead, and lack of noseleaf), clearly represents an individual of the vespertilionid genus Histiotus. The morphological characteristics observed in this vessel, in addition to the area of influence of the Moche culture, suggests that this vessel depicts a species previously unknown to science that we describe here as new on the basis of two specimens obtained in 2012 in thePeruvian department of Piura. Our new species, Histiotus mochica, can be distinguished fromother congeners by having unicolored dorsal fur, medial lobes of pinnae greater than 9.5 mmwide, and a well-developed (>4.3 mm high) transverse band of skin connecting the pinnae. Cytochrome b sequence data indicate that the new species is sister to H. humboldti from the Andes of Colombia and northern Ecuador. The new species is a medium-sized Histiotus that clusters withH. laephotis, H. velatus, and with small specimens of H. montanus in our multivariate analyses.With the description of H. mochica, the diversity of the genus increases to 11 species. We providea key based on external characters of all known species of Histiotus.