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dc.contributor.author
Walker, T. I.
dc.contributor.author
Rigby, C. L.
dc.contributor.author
Pacoureau, N.
dc.contributor.author
Ellis, J.
dc.contributor.author
Kulka, D. W.
dc.contributor.author
Chiaramonte, Gustavo Enrique
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dc.contributor.author
Herman, K.
dc.date.available
2021-11-04T11:08:59Z
dc.date.issued
2020-12
dc.identifier.citation
Walker, T. I.; Rigby, C. L.; Pacoureau, N.; Ellis, J.; Kulka, D. W.; et al.; Galeorhinus galeus, Tope; International Union for Conservation of Nature; The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species; 12-2020; 1-21
dc.identifier.issn
2307-8235
dc.identifier.uri
http://hdl.handle.net/11336/145926
dc.description.abstract
Tope (Galeorhinus galeus) is a medium-sized (to 200 cm total length) bentho-pelagic shark, widespread in temperate waters in most oceans. It is present across the Northeast, Eastern Central, Southwest, and Southeast Atlantic, the Mediterranean Sea, the Eastern Indian, and across all of the Pacific, except in the Northwest Pacific. It occurs on continental shelves and upper to mid slopes from shallow inshore to well offshore to depths of 826 m, though most frequently to depths of 200 m. Genetic and tagging data support up to six separate subpopulations of Tope and while the species makes extensive movements within each of the subpopulations, there is no evidence of mixing between them. Tope has a particularly low biological productivity with a late age-at-maturity and triennial reproductive cycle. It is caught globally as target and bycatch in industrial and small-scale demersal and pelagic gillnet and longline fisheries, and to a lesser extent in trawl and hook-and-line fisheries. Tope is often retained for the meat and fins but is discarded or released in some areas, in line with regional management measures. Steep subpopulation and stock reductions of >80% over the past three generation lengths (79 years) have occurred in the Southwest Atlantic, southern Africa, and Australia. In the Northeast Atlantic, the subpopulation is estimated to have undergone a reduction of 76% over the past three generation lengths (79 years). The New Zealand stock is estimated to have undergone a reduction of 30?49% over the past three generation lengths (79 years). In the Northeast Pacific, a dramatic decline in the subpopulation occurred in the early 1940s, with no recovery until 1997?2004 when localized management led to a localized increase in abundance. The consistent steep subpopulation reductions across most of the analyzed subpopulations and stocks together with the lack of movement between the subpopulations are cause for serious concern. Management in Australia, probably aided by the immigration of large mature animals from New Zealand, appears to have stabilized that stock since 2000. The subpopulation in the Northeast Atlantic has been stable in recent years, possibly due to management measures, and there is some recovery in part of the Northeast Pacific. Release of this species is mandatory since 2011 off Canada. Release is mandatory in European Union waters for line-caught Tope. The global population is estimated to have undergone a reduction of 88% with the highest probability of >80% reduction over the last three generations (79 years) due to levels of exploitation, and Tope is assessed as Critically Endangered A2bd.
dc.format
application/pdf
dc.language.iso
eng
dc.publisher
International Union for Conservation of Nature
dc.rights
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.uri
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
dc.subject
Chondrichthyes
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Carcharhiniformes
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Triakidae
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Tope shark
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Soupfin shark
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School Shark
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Cazon
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Trompa de cristal
dc.subject.classification
Conservación de la Biodiversidad
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dc.subject.classification
Ciencias Biológicas
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dc.subject.classification
CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS
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dc.title
Galeorhinus galeus, Tope
dc.type
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type
info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo
dc.type
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.date.updated
2021-09-07T18:07:33Z
dc.journal.pagination
1-21
dc.journal.pais
Reino Unido
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dc.description.fil
Fil: Walker, T. I.. University of Melbourne; Australia
dc.description.fil
Fil: Rigby, C. L.. James Cook University; Australia
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Fil: Pacoureau, N.. University Fraser Simon; Canadá
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Fil: Ellis, J.. No especifíca;
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Fil: Kulka, D. W.. No especifíca;
dc.description.fil
Fil: Chiaramonte, Gustavo Enrique. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia"; Argentina
dc.description.fil
Fil: Herman, K.. Georgia Aquarium; Estados Unidos
dc.journal.title
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
dc.relation.alternativeid
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/39352/2907336
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