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dc.contributor.author
Backwell, Lucinda Ruth
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dc.contributor.author
Wojcieszak, Marine
dc.contributor.author
Wadley, Lyn
dc.date.available
2021-10-04T16:03:30Z
dc.date.issued
2020-08
dc.identifier.citation
Backwell, Lucinda Ruth; Wojcieszak, Marine; Wadley, Lyn; The effect of heat on keratin and implications for the archaeological record; Springer; Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences; 12; 8; 8-2020
dc.identifier.issn
1866-9565
dc.identifier.uri
http://hdl.handle.net/11336/142472
dc.description.abstract
A horncore feature was encountered during excavations at Border Cave, in Member 2 BSL, dated 60–49 ka. The basal half of the horncore lay towards the centre of a combustion feature and was calcined. The tip half lay on a mat of burnt grass bedding towards the edge of the fireplace. It was covered with a black shiny residue, which was also present on nearby stone tools. The feature was jacketed and excavated later under a microscope in the laboratory. Raman spectroscopy identified the residue only as amorphous carbon, indicating the presence of a heated organic substance. Knowing that variation exists in modern and archaeological glue recipes, we wanted to know if the black residue was melted keratin, and if it was, whether it had been used as a substitute for beeswax or latex for hafting. We set out to test the hypothesis by conducting a heating experiment with a modern sheathed horncore. Experimental results showed that keratin does not transform into viable glue when heated. Instead, it reduces immediately to a glassy brittle residue. Our finding strongly supports a scenario of incidental deposition of residue on the archaeological stone tools. Previous combustion experiments have shown that the sediment below a fire can reach 300+ °C through vertical heat transfer. This implies that horn sheaths in archaeological deposits, separated from overlying combustion features by thousands of years, can transform into a black residue that may deposit on nearby stone and bone tools.
dc.format
application/pdf
dc.language.iso
eng
dc.publisher
Springer
dc.rights
info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
dc.rights.uri
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
dc.subject
HEATING EXPERIMENT
dc.subject
HORN
dc.subject
RESIDUE
dc.subject
STONE TOOLS
dc.subject.classification
Arqueología
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dc.subject.classification
Historia y Arqueología
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dc.subject.classification
HUMANIDADES
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dc.title
The effect of heat on keratin and implications for the archaeological record
dc.type
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type
info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo
dc.type
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.date.updated
2021-09-07T14:47:22Z
dc.journal.volume
12
dc.journal.number
8
dc.journal.pais
Alemania
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dc.description.fil
Fil: Backwell, Lucinda Ruth. University of the Witwatersrand; Sudáfrica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales; Argentina
dc.description.fil
Fil: Wojcieszak, Marine. University of the Witwatersrand; Sudáfrica. Royal Institute For Cultural Heritage; Bélgica
dc.description.fil
Fil: Wadley, Lyn. University of the Witwatersrand; Sudáfrica
dc.journal.title
Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences
dc.relation.alternativeid
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12520-020-01152-9
dc.relation.alternativeid
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs12520-020-01152-9
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