Plantas productoras de pólenes de interés alergológico

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Fecha
08/2016
Editorial
Academia Nacional de Farmacia y Bioquímica
Revista
Farmacéutica
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0034-9496
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Español
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Resumen
El incremento de la sensibilidad humana a los alergenos, en particular al polen, tiene relación con factores medioambientales y con el estilo de vida. La cantidad total de polen observado en el aire está creciendo debido a los cambios climáticos. En Europa la floración de muchos árboles y hierbas empieza antes y dura más que hace 10 años, debido a la interacción entre el aumento de la temperatura y la concentración de CO2. Además, los contaminantes químicos del aire pueden modificar las características de los alergenos, entre los que se incluye el polen, aumentando la sensibilidad y las respuestas alérgicas de la población. El tipo de alergia respiratoria más frecuente es causado por la presencia de polen en el aire y se denomina polinosis. Las plantas polinizan durante el día, pero el polen queda en suspensión muchas horas. La concentración de polen en el aire decrece con la distancia, por lo que un solo árbol en un jardín puede tener más repercusiones en la salud que un bosque a 10 km de distancia. Las redes aerobiológicas mundiales realizan observaciones sistemáticas de la concentración de polen en el aire, advirtiendo a las personas alérgicas para adaptar a corto plazo sus actividades al aire libre y la medicación preventiva, reduciendo los efectos adversos sobre su salud. La selección de plantas ornamentales no alergológicas en las calles y jardines podría reducir significativamente la exposición a los alergenos polínicos. El corte periódico de ciertas hierbas reduciría la emisión de polen y las alergias respiratorias estacionales, mejorando la calidad de vida de la población susceptible. El objetivo de este trabajo es revisar las especies mundiales productoras de pólenes de interés alergológico, clasificarlas por su abundancia en los diferentes continentes y vincularlas con su incidencia sobre la salud de la población.
Increased sensitivity to allergens, particularly pollen, is related to environmental factors and lifestyle. The total amount of pollen found in the air is growing due to climate change. In Europe the flowering of many trees and grasses starts earlier and it is longer than 10 years ago, due to the interaction between increased temperature and CO2 concentration. In addition, air chemical contaminants can modify the allergens characteristics, such as pollens, increasing human sensitivity to them and allergic responses. The most widespread type of respiratory allergy is caused by the presence of pollen in the air and it is called hay fever. Plants pollinate during the day but pollen keep suspended for many hours. The air pollen concentration decreases with distance, so a single tree in a garden can have more impact on health than a large forest 10 km away. Aerobiological global networks make systematic observations of the concentration of pollen in the air in order to warning people with allergies to adapt their short-term outdoor activities and to use the preventive medication, reducing the effects of pollen on the population health. The selection of ornamental no allergenic plants in the streets and gardens could significantly reduce exposure to pollen allergens. The periodic cut of certain herbs would reduce the emission of pollen and seasonal respiratory allergies frequency, improving the quality of life of a significant portion of the world population. The aim of this paper is review pollen-producing plants all over the word, and classify them by their abundance in different continents, and their relationship with the incidence on the population respiratory health.
Increased sensitivity to allergens, particularly pollen, is related to environmental factors and lifestyle. The total amount of pollen found in the air is growing due to climate change. In Europe the flowering of many trees and grasses starts earlier and it is longer than 10 years ago, due to the interaction between increased temperature and CO2 concentration. In addition, air chemical contaminants can modify the allergens characteristics, such as pollens, increasing human sensitivity to them and allergic responses. The most widespread type of respiratory allergy is caused by the presence of pollen in the air and it is called hay fever. Plants pollinate during the day but pollen keep suspended for many hours. The air pollen concentration decreases with distance, so a single tree in a garden can have more impact on health than a large forest 10 km away. Aerobiological global networks make systematic observations of the concentration of pollen in the air in order to warning people with allergies to adapt their short-term outdoor activities and to use the preventive medication, reducing the effects of pollen on the population health. The selection of ornamental no allergenic plants in the streets and gardens could significantly reduce exposure to pollen allergens. The periodic cut of certain herbs would reduce the emission of pollen and seasonal respiratory allergies frequency, improving the quality of life of a significant portion of the world population. The aim of this paper is review pollen-producing plants all over the word, and classify them by their abundance in different continents, and their relationship with the incidence on the population respiratory health.
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