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dc.contributor.author
Koenig, Theodore K.  
dc.contributor.author
Baidar, Sunil  
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Campuzano Jost, Pedro  
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Cuevas, Carlos Alberto  
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Dix, Barbara  
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Fernandez, Rafael Pedro  
dc.contributor.author
Guo, Hongyu  
dc.contributor.author
Hall, Samuel R.  
dc.contributor.author
Kinnison, Douglas  
dc.contributor.author
Nault, Benjamin A.  
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Ullmann, Kirk  
dc.contributor.author
Jimenez, Jose L.  
dc.contributor.author
Saiz López, Alfonso  
dc.contributor.author
Volkamer, Rainer  
dc.date.available
2021-09-20T14:29:20Z  
dc.date.issued
2020-01  
dc.identifier.citation
Koenig, Theodore K.; Baidar, Sunil; Campuzano Jost, Pedro; Cuevas, Carlos Alberto; Dix, Barbara; et al.; Quantitative detection of iodine in the stratosphere; National Academy of Sciences; Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of The United States of America; 117; 4; 1-2020; 1860-1866  
dc.identifier.issn
0027-8424  
dc.identifier.uri
http://hdl.handle.net/11336/140860  
dc.description.abstract
Oceanic emissions of iodine destroy ozone, modify oxidative capacity, and can form new particles in the troposphere. However, the impact of iodine in the stratosphere is highly uncertain due to the lack of previous quantitative measurements. Here, we report quantitative measurements of iodine monoxide radicals and particulate iodine (Iy,part) from aircraft in the stratosphere. These measurements support that 0.77 ± 0.10 parts per trillion by volume (pptv) total inorganic iodine (Iy) is injected to the stratosphere. These high Iy amounts are indicative of active iodine recycling on ice in the upper troposphere (UT), support the upper end of recent Iy estimates (0 to 0.8 pptv) by the World Meteorological Organization, and are incompatible with zero stratospheric iodine injection. Gasphase iodine (Iy,gas) in the UT (0.67 ± 0.09 pptv) converts to Iy,part sharply near the tropopause. In the stratosphere, IO radicals remain detectable (0.06 ± 0.03 pptv), indicating persistent Iy,part recycling back to Iy,gas as a result of active multiphase chemistry. At the observed levels, iodine is responsible for 32% of the halogen-induced ozone loss (bromine 40%, chlorine 28%), due primarily to previously unconsidered heterogeneous chemistry. Anthropogenic (pollution) ozone has increased iodine emissions since preindustrial times (ca. factor of 3 since 1950) and could be partly responsible for the continued decrease of ozone in the lower stratosphere. Increasing iodine emissions have implications for ozone radiative forcing and possibly new particle formation near the tropopause.  
dc.format
application/pdf  
dc.language.iso
eng  
dc.publisher
National Academy of Sciences  
dc.rights
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess  
dc.rights.uri
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/  
dc.subject
GAS PHASE  
dc.subject
HETEROGENEOUS CHEMISTRY  
dc.subject
IODINE  
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STRATOSPHERIC OZONE  
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UTLS  
dc.subject.classification
Investigación Climatológica  
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Ciencias de la Tierra y relacionadas con el Medio Ambiente  
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CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS  
dc.title
Quantitative detection of iodine in the stratosphere  
dc.type
info:eu-repo/semantics/article  
dc.type
info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo  
dc.type
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion  
dc.date.updated
2021-08-25T19:28:56Z  
dc.journal.volume
117  
dc.journal.number
4  
dc.journal.pagination
1860-1866  
dc.journal.pais
Estados Unidos  
dc.journal.ciudad
Washington  
dc.description.fil
Fil: Koenig, Theodore K.. State University of Colorado at Boulder; Estados Unidos  
dc.description.fil
Fil: Baidar, Sunil. State University of Colorado at Boulder; Estados Unidos  
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Fil: Campuzano Jost, Pedro. State University of Colorado at Boulder; Estados Unidos  
dc.description.fil
Fil: Cuevas, Carlos Alberto. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto de Química Física; España  
dc.description.fil
Fil: Dix, Barbara. State University of Colorado at Boulder; Estados Unidos  
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Fil: Fernandez, Rafael Pedro. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto de Química Física; España. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas. - Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas; Argentina  
dc.description.fil
Fil: Guo, Hongyu. State University of Colorado at Boulder; Estados Unidos  
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Fil: Hall, Samuel R.. National Center for Atmospheric Research; Estados Unidos  
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Fil: Kinnison, Douglas. National Center for Atmospheric Research; Estados Unidos  
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Fil: Nault, Benjamin A.. State University of Colorado at Boulder; Estados Unidos  
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Fil: Ullmann, Kirk. National Center for Atmospheric Research; Estados Unidos  
dc.description.fil
Fil: Jimenez, Jose L.. State University of Colorado at Boulder; Estados Unidos  
dc.description.fil
Fil: Saiz López, Alfonso. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto de Química Física; España  
dc.description.fil
Fil: Volkamer, Rainer. State University of Colorado at Boulder; Estados Unidos  
dc.journal.title
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of The United States of America  
dc.relation.alternativeid
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/http://www.pnas.org/lookup/doi/10.1073/pnas.1916828117  
dc.relation.alternativeid
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1916828117