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dc.contributor.author
Marder, Nora Mariel
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dc.contributor.author
Wasowski, Cristina Lucia N.
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dc.contributor.other
Pathak, Yashwant Vishnupant
dc.date.available
2021-05-19T19:35:24Z
dc.date.issued
2009
dc.identifier.citation
Marder, Nora Mariel; Wasowski, Cristina Lucia N.; Tranquilizing medicinal plants: their CNS effects and active constituents - Our experience; Taylor & Francis; 1; 2009; 291-306
dc.identifier.isbn
9781420082210
dc.identifier.uri
http://hdl.handle.net/11336/132292
dc.description.abstract
Mental disorder is a psychological or behavioral pattern that occurs in an individual and is thought to cause distress or disability that is not expected as part of normal development or culture. Mental and neurological disorders are highly prevalent worldwide with 450 million people estimated to be suffering from them. They are responsible for about one per cent of deaths and they account for almost eleven per cent of disease burden the world over. Magnitude of neurological disorders is huge and they are priority health problems globally. The extension of life expectancy and the ageing of the general populations in both developed and developing countries are likely to increase the prevalence of many chronic and progressive physical and mental conditions including neurological disorders. The proportionate share of the total global burden of disease due to neuropsychiatric disorders is projected to rise to 14.7% by 2020 (World Health Organization, WHO). There are many different categories of mental disorders, and many different facets of human behavior and personality that can become disordered. Mental illnesses are classified according to the symptoms that a patient experiences, as well as the clinical features of the illness. Some of the major categories of mental illness include anxiety disorders, cognitive disorders, developmental disorders, dissociative disorders, mood disorders, personality disorders, schizophrenia and substance abuse disorders. Anxiety is defined as a subjective emotional state of uneasiness, not pleasant and even fearful. When the anxiety reaches pathological levels the subject experiments conductual changes, apprehension, motor troubles, sweating, hypertension, etc. The term sedation implies a general slowing down of cognitive functioning, whereas a hypnotic specifically means the induction of sleep itself. Tranquilization, on the other hand, signifies emotional calming, that may or may not lead to sleep, but does not induce the feeling of drowsiness. So calmness of mind may the better facilitate normal physiological sleep mechanisms to function; whilst stress of any kind will mediate against them. Traditional medicine has many cures for these ailments, most of them based on herbal preparations, but also modern medicinal chemistry has provided several drugs which are more or less effective, for the same purpose. The most spectacular success was achieved in 1957 with the synthesis of the benzodiazepines (Sternbach 1978), which still are, after 50 years of intense clinical research and use, the near-best medication to treat mental disorders. Benzodiazepines, however, also produce several side-effects like sedation, muscle relaxation, alcohol incompatibility, amnesia and addiction (Woods et al. 1992). These drawbacks have to be carefully considered in clinical therapeutical applications. Although benzodiazepines are laboratory products they were found also in nature and, appropriately, their first detection was in the mammalian brain (Sangameswaran et al. 1986). They were then identified in many other sources like foods; rumen, plasma and cow´s and human´s milk (Medina and Paladini 1993). When we attempted detection of benzodiazepines in several plants, including some used to prepare tranquilizing infusions, unexpectedly discovered that some flavonoids present in them, were ligands for the benzodiazepine binding site of the gamma amino butyric acid receptor type A (GABAA) (Medina et al. 1989 and the reviews: Medina et al., 1997 and 1998; Paladini et al., 1999; Marder and Paladini 2002). A search for novel pharmacotherapy from medicinal plants for psychiatric illnesses has progressed significantly in the last twenty years. This is reflected in the large number of herbal preparations for which psychotherapeutic potential has been evaluated in a variety of animal models. A considerable number of herbal constituents whose behavioral effects and pharmacological actions have been well characterized may be good candidates for further investigations that may ultimately result in clinical use. Herbal remedies that have demonstrable psychotherapeutic activities have provided a potential to psychiatric pharmaceuticals and deserve increased attention in future studies. This chapter deals with plants possessing central nervous system (CNS) effects. However, because of the huge amount of plants belonging to this category, we decided to select a few plants and to focus our attention on them, mostly concerning the constituents that have significant therapeutic effects in animal models of CNS disorders.
dc.format
application/pdf
dc.language.iso
eng
dc.publisher
Taylor & Francis
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dc.rights
info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
dc.rights.uri
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
dc.subject
MEDICINAL PLANTS
dc.subject
FLAVONOIDS
dc.subject
CNS
dc.subject
ANIMAL MODELS
dc.subject.classification
Otras Ciencias Químicas
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dc.subject.classification
Ciencias Químicas
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dc.subject.classification
CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS
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dc.title
Tranquilizing medicinal plants: their CNS effects and active constituents - Our experience
dc.type
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type
info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
dc.type
info:ar-repo/semantics/parte de libro
dc.date.updated
2021-03-26T20:17:31Z
dc.journal.volume
1
dc.journal.pagination
291-306
dc.journal.pais
Estados Unidos
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dc.journal.ciudad
Louisville
dc.description.fil
Fil: Marder, Nora Mariel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas; Argentina
dc.description.fil
Fil: Wasowski, Cristina Lucia N.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas; Argentina
dc.relation.alternativeid
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/mono/10.1201/9781420082227-22/tranquilizing-medicinal-plants-cns-effects-active-constituents%E2%80%94our-experience-yashwant-vishnupant-pathak
dc.relation.alternativeid
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420082227
dc.conicet.paginas
400
dc.source.titulo
Handbook of Nutraceuticals: Ingredients, Formulations and Applications
dc.conicet.nroedicion
1ra
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