D- serine: a new word in the glutamatergic neuron- glial language

Abstract

Gliotransmission is a process in which astrocytes are dynamic elements that influence synaptic transmission and synaptogenesis. Actually, the best known gliotransmitters are glutamate and ATP. However, in the past decade, it has been demonstrated that D-serine, a D-amino acid, acts as gliotransmitter in glutamatergic synapses. The physiological relevance of D-serine is sustained by it modulating action of glutamatergic neurotransmission, neuronal migration and long term potentiation (LTP). In addition, the synthesis and degradation mechanism of D-serine have been proposed as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of Alzheirmer´s disease, schizophrenia and related disorders. In the present review, we provide detailed information about the physiological and physiopathological relevance of D-serine, including metabolic and regulation aspects.