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dc.contributor.author
Horta-Tricallotis, Helena  
dc.contributor.author
Echeverría, Javier  
dc.contributor.author
Lema, Veronica Soledad  
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Quirgas, Alethia  
dc.contributor.author
Vidal, Alejandra  
dc.date.available
2020-12-16T20:05:12Z  
dc.date.issued
2019-11-03  
dc.identifier.citation
Horta-Tricallotis, Helena; Echeverría, Javier; Lema, Veronica Soledad; Quirgas, Alethia; Vidal, Alejandra; Enema syringes in South Andean hallucinogenic paraphernalia: Evidence of their use in funerary contexts of the Atacama and neighboring zones (ca. AD 500–1500); Springer; Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences; 11; 11; 3-11-2019; 6197-6219  
dc.identifier.issn
1866-9565  
dc.identifier.uri
http://hdl.handle.net/11336/120625  
dc.description.abstract
This study presents the results of our investigation of different archaeological contexts of the Atacama Desert, Northern Chile, for the purpose of identifying a specific type of bird bone tube that has been proposed as a possible enema syringe—an instrument used to introduce some kind of alkaloid into the human body through the rectal cavity as part of a psychoactive practice that was widespread in the South-Central Andes during pre-Hispanic times. To address methodological requirements—such as the need to identify new specimens from known contexts within museum collections in Chile and abroad and the need for chemical-organic analyses to identify the function of these tubes—we gathered a sample of tubes from funerary contexts in different parts of the Circumpuna area. The 25 identified specimens were characterized morphologically and technically, and the residues found were subjected to organic-chemical analysis. We present the evidence derived from one of these tubes, on the basis of which we conclude that this artifact is indeed an implement used to introduce alkaloids into the human body anally. Traces of coprostanol and archaeological human fecal matter were detected for the first time along with the presence of bufotenine, an alkaloid from the genus Anadenanthera, thereby confirming the connection of enemas to hallucinogenic practices.  
dc.format
application/pdf  
dc.language.iso
eng  
dc.publisher
Springer  
dc.rights
info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess  
dc.rights.uri
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/  
dc.subject
ATACAMA DESERT  
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CIRCUMPUNA AREA  
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ENEMA SYRINGE  
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HALLUCINOGENIC PRACTICE  
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SHAMANISM  
dc.subject.classification
Arqueología  
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Historia y Arqueología  
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HUMANIDADES  
dc.title
Enema syringes in South Andean hallucinogenic paraphernalia: Evidence of their use in funerary contexts of the Atacama and neighboring zones (ca. AD 500–1500)  
dc.type
info:eu-repo/semantics/article  
dc.type
info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo  
dc.type
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion  
dc.date.updated
2020-11-25T16:11:22Z  
dc.identifier.eissn
1866-9565  
dc.journal.volume
11  
dc.journal.number
11  
dc.journal.pagination
6197-6219  
dc.journal.pais
Alemania  
dc.description.fil
Fil: Horta-Tricallotis, Helena. Universidad Católica del Norte; Chile  
dc.description.fil
Fil: Echeverría, Javier. Universidad de Santiago de Chile; Chile  
dc.description.fil
Fil: Lema, Veronica Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba; Argentina  
dc.description.fil
Fil: Quirgas, Alethia. Universidad de Concepción; Chile. Universidad de Chile; Chile  
dc.description.fil
Fil: Vidal, Alejandra. Universidad Católica de Chile; Chile. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Chile  
dc.journal.title
Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences  
dc.relation.alternativeid
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12520-019-00913-5  
dc.relation.alternativeid
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12520-019-00913-5