Synthesis of micro- and nanoparticles of alginate and chitosan for controlled release of drugs

Abstract

Over the past decades, the scientific interest in nano- and microparticles has increased, because of the potential application in many fields, such as biomedical, optical, electronic, sensors, biotechnology, pollution control, and environmental areas. These attractive particles constitute a bridge between bulk and molecular materials, and consequently, their properties are different. Micro- and nanoparticles can be engineered to obtain specific compositions, size, and functionalities. It is important to highlight that for uses in nanomedicine, the design of complex systems is important, one of which is a pharmaceutically active ingredient and the other is the polymer nanocarrier. In recent years, biodegradable polymeric NPs, especially those derived from the biomass, have attracted considerable attention as potential drug delivery devices. This work reviewed the basic principles of controlled release by intelligent polymers and nanoparticles, including their synthesis, as well as the application of new syntheses developed for the controlled release of different drugs for the treatment of some diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and tuberculosis. using polymer matrices such as calcium alginate and chitosan.