The mKATP Channels and protein-kinase C Are Involved in the Cardioprotective Effects of Genistein on Estrogen-Deficient Rat Hearts Exposed to Ischemia/Reperfusion

Abstract

Estrogenic deficiency is considered a risk of coronary disease in women. The phytoestrogen genistein could be a safe preventive strategy. The first aim of this work was to validate a model of cardiac stunning in which natural estrogenic deficiency rats, ie, adult young male (YM) and aged female (AgF), are compared with young female rats (YF). The second aim was to study whether the in vivo administration of genistein prevents the stunning in estrogenic deficiency rats. The third aim was to evaluate whether in our estrogenic deficiency model exists a synergy between genistein and estradiol. The fourth aim was to characterize the underlying mechanisms of genistein. Stunning was induced by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in isolated hearts inside a calorimeter. The left ventricular pressure (P) and total heat rate (Ht) were simultaneously measured, while diastolic contracture and muscle economy (P/Ht) were calculated. During R, P/Ht and P recovered less in AgF and YM than in YF rat hearts. Genistein through i.p. (GST-ip) improved P and P/Ht in AgF and YM, but not in YF. In YM, the cardioprotections of GST-ip and estradiol were synergistic. After ischemia, GST-ip increased SR Ca 2+leak causing diastolic contracture. The GST-ip cardioprotection neither was affected by blockade of PI3 K-Akt, NO synthases, or phosphatases, but it was sensitive to blockade of protein-kinase C and mKATP channels. Results suggest that (1) estrogenic deficiency worsens cardiac stunning, (2) GST-ip was more cardioprotective in estrogenic deficiency and synergistic with estradiol, and (3) cardioprotection of GST-ip depends on the protein-kinase C and mK ATP channel pathway activation.