Experimental exposure of the mussel Mytilus platensis (d’Orbigny, 1842) to the dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella from Argentine Patagonia

Abstract

Individuals of Mytilus platensis were exposed to Alexandrium catenella to evaluate the accumulation and metabolization of paralytic shellfish toxins (PST) over a period of 25 days. Mussels were collected from the intertidal zone of Cerro Avanzado, Argentine Patagonia. After 16 days, the toxins in the tissues of mussels were detected by the methods of mouse bioassay and high performance liquid chromatography with fluorometric detection (HPLC-FDL). The accumulation kinetics of PST toxins in M. platensis fed with A. catenella fitted to a linear function, in which the accumulation rate was 31.2 µg STX eq kg−1 day−1. After 16 days, the PST toxin level in tissues of mussels reached 1178 µg STX eq kg−1 exceeding the safety limit for human consumption (800 µg STX eq kg−1 tissue), whereas the highest PST toxin level was reached at the end of the experimentation (1613 µg STX eq kg−1) at 25 days. Differences in the toxin profile of the dinoflagellates and the tissues of the mussels confirmed biotransformation of PST in the mussel digestive system. The toxin profile of M. platensis was dominated by the gonyautoxins GTX1 and GTX4, while the toxin profile of A. catenella was dominated by the N-sulfocarbamoyl toxin C2. To our knowledge, this is the first experimentation on a laboratory scale of PST toxins accumulation in M. platensis with a native strain of A. catenella of Argentine Patagonia.