Applications of liquid-phase microextraction procedures to complex samples assisted by response surface methodology for optimization

Abstract

This review presents applications of liquid phase microextraction (LPME) for extracting analytes in complex samples. This process has been introduced to simplify the extraction methods, and enhance the selectivity, sample cleanup and efficiency, allowing the extraction of a wide variety of analytes. The revision was focused on those works in which the performance of the technique was optimized by the response surface methodology (RSM). Firstly, a description of the different LPME systems is presented. Then, a brief explanation of the most popular tools applied for optimization is displayed. After that, the results of a literature search of the works reported from 2009 to 2019 based on the implementation of microextraction supported by experimental design and optimization can be found summarized in a table. Finally, an illustrative example providing the necessary information to carry out this kind of work is presented. A list of the most popular software available to apply RSM is also presented.