Artículo
Embryology in Helosis cayennensis (Balanophoraceae): Structure of Female Flowers, Fruit, Endosperm and Embryo
Fecha de publicación:
03/2019
Editorial:
MDPI
Revista:
Plants
ISSN:
2223-7747
Idioma:
Inglés
Tipo de recurso:
Artículo publicado
Clasificación temática:
Resumen
Helosis cayennensis (Balanophoraceae s.str.) is a holoparasite characterised by aberrant vegetative bodies and tiny, reduced unisexual flowers. Here, we analysed the development of female flowers to elucidate their morpho-anatomy and the historical controversy on embryo sac formation. We also studied the developmental origin of inflorescences and the ontogeny of fruits, embryo and endosperm and discussed in a phylogenetic framework. Inflorescences were analysed by optical, fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy. Inflorescences of H. cayennensis arise endogenously. Female flowers lack perianth organs, thus only consist of the ovary, two styles and stigmata. Ovules are undifferentiated; two megaspore mother cells develop inside a nucellar complex. The female gametophyte, named Helosis-type, is a bisporic four-celled embryo sac, provided with a typical egg apparatus and a uni-nucleated central cell. Fertilization was not observed, yet a few-celled embryo and cellular endosperm developed. In sum, results confirm that, among Santalales holoparasites, Helosis is intermediate in the reduction series of its floral organs. Although perianth absence best supports the Balanophoraceae s.str. clade, our literature survey on female flower developmental data across Balanophoraceae s.l. highlights the many gaps that need to be filled to really understand these features in the light of new phylogenetic relationships
Palabras clave:
GAMETOPHYTE
,
FERTILIZATION
,
BALANOPHORACEAE
,
HOLOPARASITE
Archivos asociados
Licencia
Identificadores
Colecciones
Articulos(IBONE)
Articulos de INST.DE BOTANICA DEL NORDESTE (I)
Articulos de INST.DE BOTANICA DEL NORDESTE (I)
Citación
González, Ana María; Sato, Hector Arnaldo; Marazzi, Brigitte; Embryology in Helosis cayennensis (Balanophoraceae): Structure of Female Flowers, Fruit, Endosperm and Embryo; MDPI; Plants; 8; 3; 3-2019; 1-19
Compartir
Altmétricas