Ethical considerations in the research of human remains in Argentina

Abstract

In this chapter we aim to analyse the ethical issues associated with working with human remains, and how this has affected the different areas of professional advancement in Argentinian physical anthropology. Firstly, we explore the ethical concerns related to research involving human remains of indigenous populations. Secondly, we comment on the development of forensic anthropology in Argentina. The analysis of skeletal remains for legal and humanitarian purposes is developed within the legal system, and usually in relation to educational and research institutions. Ethical issues arise in its contribution to the administration of justice. Finally, the legal framework concerned with, and the ethical issues derived from, working with contemporary collections of identified skeletons are analysed. In this context, institutions that have temporary or permanent custody of human remains must ensure the protection of the identity and physical integrity of the remains, and the personal or historical records associated with them. Human remains are a matter of dispute, as they are simultaneously the ancestors and heritage of indigenous communities, objects under State rule, and material of research interest for scientists. Due to the significance that human remains have to the understanding of the history of our species, it is important to analyse the ethical issues emerging from their study, conservation, and management.