Phospholipase D signaling during oxidative stress

Abstract

Compared to other organs, the brain contains a high amount of phospholipids with a structural role in maintaining cellular membrane fluidity and properties; however, their specific function in the pathogenesis of the nervous system is still poorly understood. Oxidative stress is one common factor underlying neurodegenerative disorders and triggering numerous signaling cascades during neurodegeneration processes. Evidence suggests that phospholipid-derived signaling might play an important role in oxidative stress-induced neuronal degeneration and death. In this review, we will summarize the link between phospholipase D, a phosphatidic acid-synthesizing enzyme, with neuronal damage induced by oxidative stress. We will focus on the specific role of phospholipase D isoforms in signaling mechanisms, paying particular attention to the characterization of downstream ironinduced synaptic signaling.