Mycotoxin profile of Fusarium armeniacum isolated from natural grasses intended for cattle feed

Abstract

Fusarium armeniacum has been found as a saprophyte on natural grasses devoted to cattle feed in Argentina. This species has been reported as highly toxigenic due to the production of trichothecenes type A, but the information available about its toxigenic profile is incomplete. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine the toxigenic ability of 50 F. armeniacum isolates recovered from natural grasses using a multitoxin method based on LC-MS/MS. In addition, morphological identification of 15 selected isolates was confirmed by sequencing the translation elongation factor 1á. Out of the 327 metabolites analysed, only 10 were detected: T-2 toxin (T-2), T-2 triol, T-2 tetraol, HT-2 toxin (HT-2), diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), monoacetoxyscirpenol (MAS), neosolaniol (NEO), aurofusarin (AUF), beauvericin (BEA) and zearalenone (ZEA). The most common group of mycotoxins produced by the isolates on rice under laboratory conditions was trichothecenes type A, and some minor Fusarium mycotoxins, such as BEA and AUF. Some isolates were also able to produce ZEA. Among the trichothecene type A, HT-2, T-2, NEO were clearly synthesised at the highest levels and frequency, followed by DAS and MAS. HT-2, T-2, NEO and DAS production was detected in 48 (96%), 47 (94%), 47 (94%) and 38 (76%) isolates, respectively. The ability of F. armeniacum, to produce ZEA and AUF has been demonstrated here for the first time. Given the new information provided about the toxigenic profile of this species, commonly associated with natural grasses in Argentina, the threat to animal health posed by this fungus should not be underestimated.