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dc.contributor.author
Gandolf, A. Rae
dc.contributor.author
Lifschitz, A.
dc.contributor.author
Stadler, C.
dc.contributor.author
Watson, B.
dc.contributor.author
Galvanek, L.
dc.contributor.author
Ballent, Mariana
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dc.contributor.author
Lanusse, Carlos Edmundo
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dc.date.available
2020-03-18T17:35:55Z
dc.date.issued
2009-03
dc.identifier.citation
Gandolf, A. Rae; Lifschitz, A.; Stadler, C.; Watson, B.; Galvanek, L.; et al.; The pharmacokinetics of orally administered ivermectin in African elephants (loxodonta Africana): Implications for parasite elimination; American Association of Zoo Veterinarians; Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine; 40; 1; 3-2009; 107-112
dc.identifier.issn
1042-7260
dc.identifier.uri
http://hdl.handle.net/11336/100067
dc.description.abstract
Loxodonta africana are susceptible to a wide variety of parasites that are often treated with the broad spectrum antiparasitic ivermectin (IVM) based on empirical knowledge. The objectives of this study were to 1) measure plasma IVM levels following administration of 0.1 mg/kg IVM p.o., 2) compare plasma IVM levels following administration with regular versus restricted feed rations, 3) measure IVM excretion in feces, and 4) use these findings to generate dosing recommendations for this species. Using a crossover design, six African elephants were divided into two groups. Ivermectin was administered and typical grain rations were either provided or withheld for 2 hr. Blood and fecal samples were collected for 7 days following drug administration. After a 5-wk washout period, groups were switched and the procedure repeated. Plasma and fecal IVM were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. There was no statistically significant difference detected in the pharmacokinetic data between the fed and fasted groups. Peak plasma concentration, area under the curve, and half-life for plasma ranged between 5.41-8.49 ng/ml, 17.1-20.3 ng × day/ml, and 3.12-4.47 day, respectively. High IVM concentrations were detected in feces. The peak concentration values in feces were between 264-311-fold higher than those obtained in plasma. The comparatively large area under the curve and short time to maximum concentration in feces indicate elimination prior to absorption of much of the drug. Plasma IVM concentrations were low when compared to other species. Based on these findings, administration of 0.2-0.4 mg/kg p.o. should be appropriate for eliminating many types of parasites in elephants, and could minimize development of parasite resistance.
dc.format
application/pdf
dc.language.iso
eng
dc.publisher
American Association of Zoo Veterinarians
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dc.rights
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.uri
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ar/
dc.subject
ANTHELMINTIC
dc.subject
ELEPHANT
dc.subject
IVERMECTIN
dc.subject
LICE
dc.subject
LOXODONTA AFRICANA
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PHARMACOKINETIC
dc.subject.classification
Ciencias Veterinarias
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dc.subject.classification
Ciencias Veterinarias
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dc.subject.classification
CIENCIAS AGRÍCOLAS
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dc.title
The pharmacokinetics of orally administered ivermectin in African elephants (loxodonta Africana): Implications for parasite elimination
dc.type
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type
info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo
dc.type
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.date.updated
2019-11-08T15:11:28Z
dc.journal.volume
40
dc.journal.number
1
dc.journal.pagination
107-112
dc.journal.pais
Estados Unidos
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dc.journal.ciudad
Lawrence
dc.description.fil
Fil: Gandolf, A. Rae. Pittsburgh Zoo; Estados Unidos. PPG Aquarium; Estados Unidos
dc.description.fil
Fil: Lifschitz, A.. Pittsburgh Zoo; Estados Unidos. PPG Aquarium; Estados Unidos
dc.description.fil
Fil: Stadler, C.. Pittsburgh Zoo; Estados Unidos. PPG Aquarium; Estados Unidos
dc.description.fil
Fil: Watson, B.. PPG Aquarium; Estados Unidos. Pittsburgh Zoo; Estados Unidos
dc.description.fil
Fil: Galvanek, L.. Pittsburgh Zoo; Estados Unidos. PPG Aquarium; Estados Unidos
dc.description.fil
Fil: Ballent, Mariana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; Argentina
dc.description.fil
Fil: Lanusse, Carlos Edmundo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil; Argentina
dc.journal.title
Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine
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dc.relation.alternativeid
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/url/https://bioone.org/journals/journal-of-zoo-and-wildlife-medicine/volume-40/issue-1/2008-0082.1/The-Pharmacokinetics-of-Orally-Administered-Ivermectin-in-African-Elephants-Loxodonta/10.1638/2008-0082.1.short
dc.relation.alternativeid
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/https://doi.org/10.1638/2008-0082.1
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