Stage-dependent expression of deltamethrin toxicity and resistance in triatoma infestans (hemiptera: Reduviidae) from Argentina

Abstract

Triatoma infestans Klug (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) is the main vector of Chagas disease in Latin America.This insect has been controlled with pyrethroids since the 1980s, although the emergence of resistance to deltamethrin has decreased control success in some areas of the Gran Chaco ecoregion.The response of T. infestans to deltamethrin was evaluated per developmental stage. In addition, we evaluated the possible stage-dependent expression of deltamethrin resistance.The bioassays were conducted by topical application of the insecticide in acetone.The drop size, age at the time of exposure, and mortality measuring time were standardized per stage. The lethal dose of deltamethrin moderately increased with the developmental stage.The resistance to deltamethrin was expressed in every instar, and was the highest in the fourth- and fifth-instar nymphs.While increasing, weight plays a relevant role in lethal dose stage dependency, a number of contributing factors such as degradative metabolism are probably involved in the variability of insecticide effect and resistance described for different T. infestans developmental stages. Possible explanations for these differences and their implications on resistance management and chemical control are discussed.