¿La bioeconomía como modelo de desarrollo?: Recursos naturales y políticas públicas en ciencia, tecnología e innovación.

Abstract

Los recursos naturales han sido y continúan siendo fuentes de crecimiento para la región de América Latina. Conforman la estructura productiva y podrían convertirse en la base de las actividades socioeconómicas, donde los países con mayor dotación lograrían importantes ventajas comparativas. No obstante, lariqueza natural no resulta relevante por sí sola.En la actualidad los recursos naturales adquieren mayor significancia si se los integra a los avances científicos-tecnológicos propios del camino iniciado por la revolución científico-tecnológica,donde el paradigma preeminentese presenta vinculado a la biotecnología,la nanotecnología, los nuevos materiales y las energías renovables. La utilización de la biotecnología ?producto de la transversalidad? para transformar los recursos naturales y biológicos, está configurando un fenómeno denominado bioeconomía. Desde la presente propuesta, nos preguntamos a qué tipo de modelo de desarrollo podría llevar este relacionamiento, es posible plantear una estrategia de la política CTI de la Argentina a través de uno de sus instrumentos ?el Fondo Argentino Sectorial?,con el objetivo de evaluar el espacio otorgado a los recursos naturales y los vínculos posibles en la consolidación de la bioeconomíacomo modelo de desarrollo.

Natural resources have been and still are sources of growth for the region of Latin America. They form the production structure and could become the basis of socio-economic activities, where countries with greater provision would achieve significant comparative advantages. However, the natural wealth is not relevant by itself. At present natural resources become more significant if they integrate scientific and technological advances corresponding to the path initiated by the scientific-technological revolution where the preeminent paradigm is presented related to biotechnology, nanotechnology, new materials and renewable energy. The use of biotechnology-product of mainstreaming as a primary feature-to transform the natural and biological resources are configuring a phenomenon called bioeconomy. With this proposal we wonder what kind of developmental model this relationship could take, it is possible to envisage a development strategy based on natural resources. Following the previous question, this paper analyzes the scientific-technological complex and natural resources in one and multiple dimension with special emphasis on the place given by the public policies in science, technology and innovation (STI). Firstly, it is described the current situation of natural resources in Latin America, the historical importance and complementarity or competition with the industry. Secondly, and related to what has already been mentioned, the development strategy proposed by Carlota Perez is presented, and its guidelines questioned regarding the presence or absence of novel methods for the analysis of natural resources in Latin America elements. Thirdly, the close link between the bioeconomy and natural resources is analyzed. Fourthly, the technological foundations of the bioeconomy are presented through the approach of biotechnology and its convergence with natural resources, science and technology. Finally, Argentina´s policies STI are described by one of its instruments – Fondo Argentino Sectorial, with the objective of evaluating the space given to natural resources and the possible links in the consolidation of bioeconomy as a model of development.