Magnetic properties of air suspended particles in thirty eight cities from south India

Abstract

Air pollution is a basic problem nowadays and it requires special concern. In India, the air pollution is a growing problem because of the enhanced anthropogenic activities such as burning fossil fuels involving industrial processes and motor vehicles. We study airborne dust particles collected at the height of 7 m in roadside and land area from thirty-eight cities in the state of Tamil Nadu. The collection involves a total of 111 samples concerning vehicular, industrial and residential areas, and allows us to assess the spatial distribution of magnetic particles produced and emitted on a short period of time (about one month). Magnetic properties of these air suspended particles were determined by techniques of environmental magnetism, revealing the presence of magnetite and hematite. We found the overall average of mass-specific magnetic susceptibility χ of 589.0 × 10−8 m3 kg−1 and saturation of remanent magnetization SIRM of 68.1 × 10−3 A m2 kg−1; as well as χ and SIRM values higher than 900.0 × 10−8 m3 kg−1 and 700.0 × 10−3 A m2 kg−1, respectively, corresponding to the most impacted zones in industrial/vehicular areas and in cities located in the central/eastern region respectively (e.g.: Hosur, Krishnagiri, Salem, Dharapuram, Ranipet, Ayanavaram, Cuddalore and Chidambaram). We analyzed the relationship between magnetic parameters, between areas and possible grouping of cities using multivariate statistical analysis. The SEM-EDS observations and grain size estimations reveal the presence of trace elements (Sb, Zn, Co, Ni, As and V) and fine particles (1–5 μm) that can be inhaled and therefore are dangerous to human health.