PVP-stabilized palladium nanoparticles electrochemically obtained as effective catalysts in aqueous medium Suzuki–Miyaura reaction

Abstract

In this paper the synthesis of stable palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) byelectrochemical methods at room temperature is reported. Direct electroredution of H2PdCl4aqueous solution in the presence of poly-(N-vinyl-2-pirrolydone) (PVP) onto platinum electrodeswas performed by the application of a constant current density pulse. By simultaneous stirring ofthe electrolyte, the NPs formed on the electrode surface were stabilized with PVP in thesolution. The resulting PdNPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy; and thetotal content of palladium was analytically determined by atomic absorption measurements. Theaverage size of the NPs (in the range of 10 to 22 nm) was tuned by changing the currentdensity applied. The PdNPs prepared by this methodology exhibited highly efficient catalyticactivity on Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction in aqueous medium. Particularly high turnover numbers (TON up to 104 to 105) were achieved by these PVP-stabilized PdNPs with aryl iodides and bromides.