Advanced applications of green materials in nitrate, phosphate, and fluoride removal

Abstract

While there are many existing technologies for treating water, many of them are expensive, inefficient, or not environmentally friendly. The application of green materials in water and wastewater treatment and pollution cleanup is promising, as demonstrated by an increasing number of investigations. However, although many of them show great potential for full scale water treatment and environmental remediation, limited studies regarding pilot and full scale developments can be found in literature and remain at the concept stage.This review focuses on the potential of various green-based adsorbents for nitrates, phosphates and fluorides removal from water and wastewater. A summary of relevant published data with some of the latest important findings and up-to-date literature revision is presented and the results are discussed.