Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in tomato tolerance to pathogens and nematodes: A comprehensive review

Abstract

Currently, there is a growing need to develop high-yielding and disease-resistant crops while simultaneously reducing the use of agrochemicals. The utilization of symbiotic microorganisms, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), emerges as a promising alternative for sustainable agriculture. In addition to their growth-promoting effects, AMF have been reported to exert positive effects on the control of diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses, and nematodes. Therefore, gaining a better understanding of the mechanisms of action of AMF becomes crucial to enhance their efficacy as biological control agents and encourage their application in sustainable agronomic practices. The objective of this study was to evaluate and summarize research focused on the interaction between AMF, plants, and pathogens in tomato cultivation. The main mechanisms involved in the protective effect of mycorrhizal symbiosis, as well as its synergistic effect with other beneficial microorganisms, are described. Furthermore, the major challenges faced in the implementation of AMF in productive systems are addressed.