Estructura y dinámica inicial de una forestación de Schinopsis balansae Engl

Abstract

El estudio se realizó en una plantación de Schinopsis balansae (quebracho colorado chaqueño) de 15 años de edad, perteneciente a la empresa INDUNOR S.A. en La Escondida- Chaco, Argentina. Se establecieron como objetivos aportar conocimientos e información técnica relacionada a la estructura y dinámica de dicha plantación, y determinar el modelo más conveniente para expresar la relación hipsométrica. En la obtención de datos se aplicó un muestreo simple aleatorio, en el cual se utilizaron seis parcelas rectangulares. La caracterización de la estructura horizontal incluyó la determinación de parámetros dasométricos e índices de densidad y dominancia por clase diamétrica. En la estructura vertical se utilizó el índice de posición sociológica. Como complemento al análisis estructural se utilizó la variable cualitativa forma de fuste. Con datos de diámetro a la altura del pecho (DAP) y altura total (HT), se analizó la relación hipsométrica.

Little is known about the epidometric behavior of plantations made with native species. In this case, a study was carried out in a plantation of 15 years old of Schinopsis balansae Engl. (Quebracho colorado chaqueño). The objectives of this work were to contribute with knowledge and technical information about the structure and dynamics of this plantation, and to determine the most convenient model to express the hypsometric relationship. Data were obtained using a simple random sampling, with six rectangular plots. To characterize the horizontal structure, dasometric parameters were determined and density and dominance indexes by diameter class were calculated. The sociological position index was used to characterize the vertical structure. Stem shape was evaluated to complement the structural analysis. The hypsometric relationship was analyzed using data on diameter at breast height (DBH) and total height (TH). The results revealed a current density of 547 pl.ha-1, mean diameter of 12.08 cm, mean height of 7.20 m, basal area of 7.18 m².ha-., and stem volume of 25.06 m³.ha-1. Height was best predicted by the equation h = - 0.083 + 3.059 * ln d, corresponding to the Henriksen model. Regarding growth dynamics, mean annual increase in diameter and volume was 0.81 cm.yr-1 and 1.67 m³.ha-1.yr-1, respectively. In conclusion, the evaluated plantation is going through its exponential growth phase. The plantation presented a normal density, without apparent competition. Most of the individuals have a straight stem, as a result of the timely and adequate pruning. The logarithmic Henriksen model was the most reliable for estimating TH based on DBH. This work provides information about the silvicultural potential of S. balansae.