Analysis of the impact of low inertia constant on power systems: Cause, drawbacks, possible solutions and global trend

Abstract

Instantaneous power contribution is an intrinsic behavior ofconventional electrical power systems. Immediately after adisturbance, the entire set of connected generators and motorsdeliver their kinetic energy stored in their rotating masses,named inertial response. On the other hand, the increase ofrenewable energy sources has favored the connection of newnon-conventional generation technologies. Many of thesetechnologies are connected to the network by means of powerelectronics causing, among other problems, reduction of theinertia constant of electrical power systems, to the detrimentof frequency stability. Literature regarding this topic isfragmented. Therefore, it is not possible to find an article thatencompass the main aspects of this challenge. Consideringthis, the objective of this work is the assessment and gatheringof the most representative articles of this topic. In this sense,the cause and main drawbacks related to the lack of inertia inelectrical power systems are exposed. In addition, abibliographic analysis of existing strategies to mitigate thesedrawbacks is carried out. Moreover, strategies adopted bydifferent countries to improve frequency stability of electricalpower systems, with high penetration levels of electronicallyconnected generation, are analyzed. Finally, conclusions areobtained and global trend is outlined.