Antifouling Diterpenoids from the Sponge Dendrilla antarctica

Abstract

Two nor-diterpenes, 9,11-dihydrogracilin A (1) and the previously unreported 9,11-dihydrogracillinone A (2), were isolated from the sponge Dendrilla antarctica. The sponge was collected by trawling at a depth of 49 m, from the research vessel Puerto Deseado, near the coast of Tierra del Fuego, farther north than the reported habitat for this species. Since these compounds were particularly abundant and the sponge was free from epibionts, both 1 and 2 were included in soluble-matrix paints and tested for antifouling activity in the ocean. The results obtained from these experiments clearly indicated a potent antifouling activity for both compounds against a variety of colonizing organisms, and established a probable role as natural antifoulants for these abundant secondary metabolites and other structurally related compounds previously isolated from Dendrilla spp.