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Artículo

Habitat loss and overhunting synergistically drive the extirpation of jaguars from the Gran Chaco

Romero-Muñoz, Alfredo; Torres, Ricardo MarceloIcon ; Noss, Andrew; Giordano, Anthony J.; Quiroga, Verónica AndreaIcon ; Thompson, Jeffrey; Baumann, Matthias; Altrichter, Mariana; McBride, Roy; Velilla, Marianela; Arispe, Rosario; Kuemmerle, Tobias
Fecha de publicación: 02/2019
Editorial: Wiley Blackwell Publishing, Inc
Revista: Diversity and Distributions
ISSN: 1366-9516
e-ISSN: 1472-4642
Idioma: Inglés
Tipo de recurso: Artículo publicado
Clasificación temática:
Conservación de la Biodiversidad

Resumen

Understanding how habitat loss and overhunting impact large carnivores is important for broad-scale conservation planning. We aimed to assess how these threats interacted to affect jaguar habitat (Panthera onca) between 1985–2013 in the Gran Chaco, a deforestation hotspot. Location: Gran Chaco ecoregion in Argentina, Paraguay and Bolivia. Methods: We modelled jaguar habitat change from 1985–2013 using a time-calibrated species distribution model that uses all occurrence data available for that period. We modelled habitat as a function of resource availability and hunting threats, which allowed us to separate core (high resource availability and low hunting threat), refuge (low resources but safe), attractive sink (high resources but risky) and sink (low resources and risky) habitat for 1985, 2000 and 2013. Results: Jaguar core areas contracted by 33% (82,400 km 2 ) from 1985–2013, mainly due to an expansion of hunting threats. Sink and attractive sink habitat covered 58% of the jaguar range in 2013 and most confirmed jaguar kill sites occurred in these areas. Furthermore, habitat loss and hunting threats co-occurred in 29% of jaguars’ range in 2013. Hunting threats also deteriorated core areas within protected areas, but 95% of all core areas loss occurred outside protected lands. About 68% of the remaining core areas in 2013 remained unprotected, mostly close to international borders. Main conclusions: Our study highlights the synergistic effects that habitat loss and hunting threats exert on large carnivores, even inside protected areas, emphasizing the need to consider the geography of threats in conservation planning. Our results also point to the importance of areas along international borders as havens for wildlife and thus the urgent need for cross-border planning to prevent the imminent extinction of jaguars from the Chaco. Opportunities lie in reducing jaguar mortality over the widespread attractive sinks, particularly in corridors connecting core areas.
Palabras clave: HUMAN–WILDLIFE CONFLICTS , LAND USE CHANGE , LARGE CARNIVORES , PERSECUTION , POACHING , PROTECTED AREAS , RESOURCE DETERIORATION , RETALIATION HUNTING , SOURCE/SINK HABITATS , SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS
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info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess Excepto donde se diga explícitamente, este item se publica bajo la siguiente descripción: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 Unported (CC BY-NC-SA 2.5)
Identificadores
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/11336/120849
URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ddi.12843
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12843
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Articulos(IDEA)
Articulos de INSTITUTO DE DIVERSIDAD Y ECOLOGIA ANIMAL
Citación
Romero-Muñoz, Alfredo; Torres, Ricardo Marcelo; Noss, Andrew; Giordano, Anthony J.; Quiroga, Verónica Andrea; et al.; Habitat loss and overhunting synergistically drive the extirpation of jaguars from the Gran Chaco; Wiley Blackwell Publishing, Inc; Diversity and Distributions; 25; 2; 2-2019; 176-190
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