Percentile curves for left ventricle structural, functional and haemodynamic parameters obtained in healthy children and adolescents from echocardiography-derived data

Abstract

Background Transthoracic echocardiography is the most common non-invasive technique for the study of the left ventricle (LV) and the proximal aorta. Despite the clinical value, there is scarcity of data about reference intervals (RIs) and percentiles for thoracic aorta dimension and LV structural and functional parameters, obtained from population-based studies in children and adolescents. The aim was to generate RIs for LV, haemodynamic and thoracic aorta parameters obtained from transthoracic echocardiography in healthy children, adolescents and young adults from a South-American population. Methods One thousand ninety-five healthy subjects (5–24 years) were studied (M-mode, B-mode and Doppler echocardiography). Results RIs for LV structural (diameters, volumes and wall thickness) and functional (stroke volume, cardiac output, cardiac index, transmitral E and A fow waves velocities) parameters; systemic vascular resistance and aortic root diameter were obtained using parametric regression analyzes based on fractional polynomials. Covariate analysis (i.e., adjusting for age, body surface) showed that specifc sex-specifc RIs were necessary. Then, age, body height (BH), body weight (BW), body surface area (BSA), and sex-specifc 1st, 2.5th, 5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, 95th, 97.5th and 99th percentiles were obtained. Our results were in agreement with and complimentary to available international databases. Conclusion This study provides RIs for echocardiography-derived haemodynamic, LV (structural and functional) and aortic parameters in children, adolescents and young adults considering data obtained from the largest Argentinean database. In early stages of life an adequate interpretation of echocardiography-derived LV and aortic parameters requires considering age, BH, BW, BSA and/or sex-specifc RIs.