Determinants of ectoparasite assemblage structure on rodent hosts from South American marshlands: the effect of host species, locality and season

Abstract

The relative effects of host species identity, locality and season on ectoparasite assemblages (relative abundances and species richness) harboured by four cricetid rodent hosts (Akodon azarae, Oligoryzomys flavescens, Oxymycterus rufus and Scapteromys aquaticus) were assessed across six closely located sites in Buenos Aires province, Argentina. Relative abundances of ectoparasites (14 species including gamasid mites, an ixodid tick, a trombiculid mite, lice and fleas), as well as total ectoparasite abundance and species richness, were determined mainly by host species and to a lesser extent by locality (despite the small spatial scale of the study), whereas seasonal effect was weak, albeit significant. The abundances of some ectoparasites were determined solely by host, whereas those of other ectoparasites (sometimes belonging to the same higher taxon) were also affected by locality and/or season. In gamasids, there was a significant effect of locality for some species, but not for others. In fleas and lice, the effect of locality was similar in different species, suggesting that this effect is related to the characteristic life history strategy.